Figure 1.

Schematic representation of the main elements of the simulation system. The institutional HLM and CPB circuit are connected to the hydraulic simulator by arterial, venous, and cardioplegia lines. Roving (handheld) and aortic root suction can also be attached. The institutional patient monitor displays arterial, central venous, and ECG waveforms and the nasopharyngeal temperature. The perfusionist’s interface displays the arterial and venous blood gases, activated clotting time, and gas flow and FiO₂ to the oxygenator. The interface is also used for drug administration. All functions of the system can be controlled using the supervisory interface.