Table 1.

Subject entry criteria.

18–75 years of age, male or female

First time cardiac procedures

Elective (scheduled >24 hours in advance)

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), aortic (AVR) or mitral valve repair or replacement (MVR), or combination of these procedures

The ability to give consent

Subjects were not included in the study for any of the following reasons

Planned use of acute normovolemic hemodilution

History of coagulation disorder

Preoperative hematocrit (HCT) <30%, and/or platelet count <150,000/μL

Ejection fraction <35%

Renal insufficiency (creatinine >2.0 mg/dL)

Recent (<7 days) use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications

Recent myocardial infarction (<7 days)

Current use of intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation

Surgical procedure requiring deep hypothermia circulatory arrest

Ventricular assist device implantation

Heart or lung transplantation

Refusal to receive blood product transfusions

Concurrent enrollment in another study

Pregnancy