Table 3. Prime and drug additives.
| Prime/Additives | 1989 (%) | 1994 (%) | 1999 (%) | 2004 (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crystalloid | ||||
| Plasma-Lyte A | 40.9 | 44.8 | 58.3 | 59.6 |
| Normosol-R | 22.8 | 24.5 | 27.8 | 28.8 |
| Lactated Ringer’s | 21.3 | 14.2 | 11.1 | 5.8 |
| 5% Dextrose/lactated Ringer’s | 1.6 | 0 | 1.4 | 0 |
| Other | 13.4 | 16.9 | 1.4 | 6.0 |
| Colloid | ||||
| 5% albumin | 35.7 | 17.7 | 9.7 | 7.7 |
| 25% albumin | 34.1 | 65.4 | 84.7 | 80.8 |
| Hetastarch | 7.8 | 5.4 | 2.8 | 0 |
| 5% plasma protein | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0 | 1.9 |
| None | 32.6 | 10.2 | 2.7 | 11.5 |
| Drug | ||||
| Heparin | 92.1 | 89.7 | 95.8 | 98.0 |
| Sodium bicarbonate | 88.2 | 96.3 | 83.3 | 92.3 |
| Mannitol | 57.4 | 65.4 | 72.2 | 69.2 |
| Calcium chloride | 40.1 | 40.2 | 51.4 | 55.8 |
| Methylprednisone | 22.8 | 30.8 | 34.7 | 51.9 |
| Antibiotics | 19.8 | 20.6 | 25 | 38.5 |
| Furosemide | 10.2 | 14.1 | 11.1 | 15.4 |
| Dexamethasone | 3.1 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 8.0 |
| THAM | 1.6 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 3.8 |
| Lidocaine | 0.8 | 3.7 | 1.4 | 0 |