Table 2. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of the analyzed groups.
| study groups |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CKD (n = 126) |
HV (n = 52) | P* | |||
| CKD1–2 (n = 42) | CKD3–4 (n = 42) | CKD5d (n = 42) | |||
| age [years] | 60.41 ± 6.42 | 63.61 ± 11.91 | 62.62 ± 9.92 | 61.91 ± 9.71 | 0.47 |
| gender | 25 males 17 female | 25 males 17 female | 25 males 17 female | 31 males 21 female | 0.63 |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 28.21 ± 4.51 | 26.32 ± 2.11 | 24.72 ± 3.71 | 24.61 ± 2.11 | 0.00 |
| systolic blood pressure [mmHg] | 124.96 ± 13.85 | 139.62 ± 8.25 | 133.32 ± 27.77 | 123.96 ± 11.71 | 0.04 |
| diastolic blood pressure [mmHg] | 75.62 ± 10.12 | 85.36 ± 75.29 | 77.26 ± 17.20 | 67.48 ± 13.63 | 0.06 |
| Treatment at discharge that may have a considerable influence on the obtained results [n (%)] | |||||
| ACEI | 34 (80.11%) | 21 (50.0%) | 14 (33.33%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 |
| beta-blockers | 24 (57.14%) | 25 (59.52%) | 26 (61.91%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 |
| statins | 40 (95.23%) | 33 (78.51%) | 34 (80.11%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 |
| NSAID | 40 (95.23%) | 33 (78.51%) | 16 (23.81%) | 0 (0%) | 0.00 |
| Laboratory tests | |||||
| eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2] | 84.25 ± 20.19 | 28.74 ± 15.68 | 5.33 ± 6.98 | 119.42 ± 25.93 | 0.00 |
| RBC [1012/l] | 4.51 ± 0.82 | 3.91 ± 0.82 | 3.63 ± 0.53 | 4.72 ± 0.41 | 0.00 |
| HGB [g/dl] | 13.21 ± 3.12 | 11.61 ± 1.31 | 11.41 ± 1.51 | 14.02 ± 0.92 | 0.00 |
| HCT [l/l] | 42.03 ± 5.81 | 36.43 ± 4.42 | 31.31 ± 4.62 | 43.12 ± 5.13 | 0.00 |
| WBC [109/l] | 7.31 ± 2.11 | 7.02 ± 1.81 | 6.62 ± 1.83 | 5.42 ± 0.91 | 0.00 |
| glucose [mg/dl] | 83.51 ± 9.53 | 81.81 ± 9.22 | 81.01 ± 9.53 | 79.12 ± 10.11 | 0.63 |
| iron [μg/dl] | 89.21 ± 43.13 | 74.26 ± 27.65 | 76.31 ± 28.32 | 113.41 ± 23.82 | 0.00 |
| ferritin [ng/ml] | 207.61 ± 111.41 | 321.71 ± 212.41 | 1084.91 ± 740.51 | 209.12 ± 110.91 | 0.00 |
| Ca total [mg/dL] | 7.11 ± 2.71 | 8.01 ± 0.41 | 9.61 ± 1.42 | 8.61 ± 0.21 | 0.13 |
| PO43- [mg/dl] | 3.68 ± 1.81 | 3.74 ± 1.52 | 7.01 ± 3.56 | 3.4 ± 0.7 | 0.00 |
| iPTH [pg/ml] | 89.41 ± 21.12 | 197.42 ± 138.62 | 320.82 ± 207.41 | 38.11 ± 6.82 | 0.00 |
| total protein (TP) [g/dL] | 6.61 ± 1.72 | 5.52 ± 1.32 | 6.22 ± 0.69 | 7.21 ± 0.43 | 0.00 |
| albumins [g/dL] | 4.0 ± 0.96 | 4.13 ± 1.84 | 3.82 ± 0.69 | 4.24 ± 0.64 | 0.07 |
| total cholesterol (TC) [mg/dl] | 217.02 ± 53.61 | 182.31 ± 28.12 | 178.31 ± 48.92 | 188.71 ± 27.03 | 0.00 |
| HDL-C [mg/dl] | 55.01 ± 13.31 | 58.41 ± 1.82 | 46.61 ± 23.21 | 70.61 ± 6.71 | 0.00 |
| LDL-C [mg/dl] | 168.61 ± 48.22 | 120.61 ± 17.11 | 105.93 ± 50.71 | 93.94 ± 30.21 | 0.00 |
| TG [mg/dl] | 175.11 ± 41.42 | 126.61 ± 14.82 | 151.3 ± 50.81 | 120.71 ± 37.82 | 0.01 |
| hsCRP [mg/l] | 9.91 ± 8.21 | 10.71 ± 11.23 | 12.62 ± 11.93 | 1.12 ± 0.43 | 0.00 |
| CIMT [mm] (min-max) | 0.71 ± 0.21 (0.53–1.16) | 0.82 ± 0.21 (0.50–1.26) | 0.91 ± 0.41 (0.43–1.48) | 0.45 ± 0.28 (0.22–0.72) | 0.00 |
| NT-proBNP [fmol/mL] | 48.46 ± 36.95 | 131.33 ± 103.18 | 224.05 ± 102.84 | 9.35 ± 3.92 | 0.00 |
| IL-18 [pg/mL] | 818.10 ± 333.81 | 1207.46 ± 659.96 | 1454.07 ± 762.65 | 185.75 ± 94.18 | 0.00 |
*Comparisons between studied groups were assessed by the ANOVA rang Kruskal-Wallis tests used for nonparametric comparisons, whereas for categorical variables chi square test was performed.
Continuous variables are presented as mean values ± standard deviation; categorical variables are presented as percentage of the number of persons in a given group. Bold font highlights statistically significant differences between studied groups with P < 0.05, which was considered as statistically significant. ACEI – angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; NSAID – non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.