Table 1. Clinical Characteristics.
| Variable | Older men 12-w intervention (n = 13) | Older men and women 24-w intervention (n = 26) | (pre)Frail older men and women 24-w intervention (n = 25) | (pre)Frail older men and women control (n = 27) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 72.4 (5.4) | 69.2 (4.1) | 78.6 (6.8) | 80.2 (7.4) |
| Women, n (%) | 0 (0) | 12 (46) | 17 (68) | 14 (52) |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27.4 (3.8) | 25.9 (2.0) | 28.7 (4.9) | 26.6 (3.3) |
| Medical history | ||||
| Systolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 147 (14) | 137 (15) | 142 (18) | 151 (24) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg), mean (SD) | 82 (17) | 77 (22) | 72 (9) | 75 (9) |
| Laboratory data | ||||
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.6 (0.7) | 5.5 (0.5) | 5.3 (0.5) | 5.2 (0.5) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 5.6 (1.1) | 6.2 (0.9) | 5.2 (1.5) | 5.4 (1.1) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.3 (0.5) | 1.2 (0.6) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 1.3 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.3) | 1.3 (0.3) | 1.5 (0.4) |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/L), mean (SD) | 3.6 (1.3) | 4.3 (0.8) | 3.2 (1.3) | 3.4 (0.9) |
| Creatinine (μmol/L), mean (SD) | 102.2 (7.5) | 88.1 (17.4) | 74.4 (14.1) | 77.7 (12.1) |
| Cystatin C (mg/L), mean (SD) | 1.07 (0.11) | 0.90 (0.19) | 1.00 (0.29) | 1.08 (0.25) |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2), mean (SD)* | 66.3 (7.2) | 78.3 (15.2) | 73.9 (15.4) | 69.6 (13.9) |
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL), median (IQR) | 12.1 (6.8–21.0) | 7.6 (3.1–15.8) | 14.6 (6.2–25.3) | 19.1 (8.0–46.3) |
| Medication use | ||||
| Antihypertensives, n (%) | 3 (25) | 3 (12) | 11 (44) | 14 (52) |
| Statins, n (%) | 1 (8) | 1 (4) | 9 (36) | 3 (11) |
*eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate based on the the CKD-EPI creatinine-cystatin C equation (2012)29.