Table 1.

Summary of intervention research scoping study

Scoping review question	What is the focus of published evidence regarding HIV prevention and health promotion interventions in high-income countries with concentrated epidemics?
Approach	Systematic scoping review as described by Arkey and O'Melley [17] in that it mapped the focus, rather than assessed the results, of the studies.
Data bases searched	EMBASE (Ovid), Informit Health, Medline, ProQuest, SAGE, SCOPUS (Elsevier), Web of Science [ISI], PsychInfo, Science Direct.
Search terms	HIV prevention, HIV health promotion and HIV combination prevention. These were coupled with terms such as review, evaluation, evidence, intervention, implementation, intervention focus (such as individual, group, community, structural), social drivers, programme theory, programme logic, systems.
Inclusion	Published in English between January 2006 and June 2013. Focused on or included analyses of HIV prevention and health promotion evidence and evaluation regarding sexual transmission of HIV in high-income countries with concentrated epidemics.
Exclusion	Exclusively laboratory-based biomedical and clinical studies. Focused exclusively on preventing HIV transmission through mother-to-child transmission, as these were rare occurrences in the Australian HIV epidemic. Focused exclusively on public health mechanisms not being proposed in Australia, such as male circumcision.
Published peer reviewed literature	The search yielded 2,598 papers. The titles of the papers were reviewed against the inclusion criteria and reduced to (522 papers). These papers were reviewed in detail and relevant papers were removed as per the exclusion criteria, if were duplicates, if were included in subsequently identified systematic reviews, or if they had been superseded by later papers. This resulted in 284 papers remaining.
Grey literature search	English language abstracts from key conferences where health promotion practice and intervention science was presented (such as the International AIDS Conference and key regional conferences in Europe, North America and Australasia). Reports and reviews from key government and non-government websites in Europe, North America and Australasia. This process added 212 reports, reviews and conference papers.
Mapping of literature	A total of 496 papers were included in the review. The papers were analyzed and mapped using the “level of intervention” categories adopted in the Lancet series [9] and UNAIDS technical guidance on combination prevention [13]. These include individual, group, behavioural, biomedical, community and structural levels.
Findings	Majority of research focus • Interventions aimed at individuals and small groups. Moderate research focus • Social marketing and community development in HIV prevention. • Underlying social and behavioural theories and quality practice. • How biomedical strategies may be effective in different contexts and among different populations outside trial conditions. Least research focus • Interventions that operate at or target the structural level. • Understanding the mechanisms and common factors within interventions that can be adapted. • Evaluation of the synergies within a combined HIV prevention system.
	The full report is available online [16]. www.latrobe.edu.au/arcshs/publications