Table 2.
Cox regression survival analyses predicting entry into foster care.
| Variable | Bivariate HR (95% CI) | Multivariate within domain HR (95% CI) | Final omnibus model HR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Child characteristics | |||
| Race (reference group: White) | |||
| African American | 0.67 (0.43–1.04) | 0.53 (0.32–0.87)* | – |
| Hispanic | 0.74 (0.26–2.10) | 0.74 (0.26–2.13) | – |
| Other | 1.28 (0.72–2.30) | 1.12 (0.59–2.12) | – |
| Gender (reference group: females) | 1.15 (0.78–1.68) | 1.10 (0.86–1.42) | – |
| Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Internalizing | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | – |
| CBCL Externalizing | 1.01 (0.99–1.03) | 1.02 (1.00–1.05) | – |
| Premature | 0.94 (0.59–1.41) | 1.00 (0.53–1.87) | – |
| Low birth weight | 0.99 (0.88–1.12) | 0.98 (0.84–1.14) | – |
| Battelle Developmental Inventory (BDST) | 0.98 (0.97–1.00)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.00)* | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) |
| Caregiver characteristics | |||
| Physical health | 0.83 (0.64–1.06) | 0.96 (0.73–1.26) | – |
| Victimization (physical, as child) | 1.70 (1.14–2.53)* | 1.33 (0.84–2.11) | – |
| Victimization (sexual, as child) | 1.59 (1.07–2.36)* | 1.38 (0.86–2.22) | – |
| Victimization (physical, as adult) | 1.08 (0.73–1.61) | 0.68 (0.42–1.09) | – |
| Victimization (sexual, as adult) | 1.57 (0.98–2.53) | 1.23 (0.72–2.11) | – |
| Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory (AAPI): Expectations | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | 1.02 (0.94–1.10) | – |
| AAPI: Empathy | 0.98 (0.95–1.02) | 0.96 (0.91–1.02) | – |
| AAPI: Rejection of Punishment | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 1.02 (0.98–1.07) | – |
| AAPI: Roles | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 1.01 (0.96–1.05) | – |
| Alcohol Abuse (CAGE) | 1.28 (1.10–1.48)* | 1.18 (1.01–1.39)* | 1.05 (0.88–1.24) |
| Depression (CES-D) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05)* | 1.02 (1.00–1.04)* | 1.02 (1.00–1.04)* |
| Family microsystem | |||
| Marital status (reference group: married) | – | ||
| Never married | 1.36 (0.75–2.45) | 1.32 (0.70–2.49) | – |
| Formerly married | 0.99 (0.91–1.09) | 1.03 (0.93–1.14) | – |
| Family income | 0.96 (0.90–1.03) | 0.95 (0.88–1.02) | – |
| Family functioning (FAPGAR) | 0.95 (0.89–1.01) | 0.96 (0.87–1.05) | – |
| CTS harsh parenting: Physical | 0.96 (0.91–1.01) | 0.97 (0.90–1.04) | – |
| CTS harsh parenting: Verbal | 1.15 (0.70–1.89) | 1.25 (0.73–2.16) | – |
| Residential instability | 1.01 (0.92–1.09) | 0.99 (0.90–1.08) | – |
| Family instability | 1.05 (0.98–1.12) | 1.05 (0.98–1.13) | – |
| Macrosystem | |||
| Neighborhood satisfaction | 0.98 (0.96–1.01) | 0.99 (0.96–1.02) | – |
| Caregiver social support (Duke) | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)* | 0.97 (0.95–0.99)* | 0.99 (0.96–1.01) |
| Mental health care (reference group: no need) | |||
| Unmet need | 1.74 (0.96–3.14) | 1.71 (0.93–3.13) | 1.24 (0.67–2.31) |
| Met need | 2.08 (1.35–3.20)* | 1.92 (1.21–3.03)* | 1.04 (0.62–1.73) |
| Maltreatment | |||
| Any neglect | 3.39 (2.30–5.01)* | 2.08 (0.98–4.42) | – |
| Any physical abuse | 3.20 (2.15–4.78)* | 1.23 (0.71–2.12) | – |
| Any sexual abuse | 1.89 (0.88–4.08) | 0.92 (0.41–2.07) | – |
| Any emotional maltreatment | 4.32 (2.91–6.42)* | 1.86 (1.10–3.15)* | 1.91 (1.12–3.27)* |
| Maximum severity | 1.34 (1.22–1.48)* | 0.91 (0.73–1.13) | – |
| Number of types of maltreatment (0–4) | 1.37 (1.28–1.46)* | 1.21 (1.07–1.37)* | 1.27 (1.15–1.40)* |
Note. Reference groups are provided for categorical variables only. All other variables are continuous. For each predictor, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) are presented.
*
p < .05.