Fig. 1.
Milestones in the history of natural scaffolds in cardiac tissue engineering for myocardial infarction treatment. Boxes with a grey outline refer to natural scaffolds used in vitro. Boxes with a red outline indicate in vivo highlights related to natural scaffold application. CM cardiomyocyte, ECM extracellular matrix, ESC embryonic stem cell, iPSC induced pluripotent stem cell, MI myocardial infarction