Table 2.
Main achievements in myocardial infarction recovery after the administration of a fibrin scaffold
| Scaffold material | Cell lines and/or other components | MI model | Main results | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fibrin | Rat skeletal myoblasts | Rat | FS and infarct wall thickness preservation | [52] |
| Rat skeletal myoblasts | Rat | Infarct scar size↓, arteriole density↑ | [53] | |
| Human cardiac and subcutaneous ATDPCs | Mouse | CM and EC differentiation, vessel density↑, LV EF↑, infarct size↓ | [55] | |
| Rat bone marrow cells | Rat | Cell retention↑, LV perimeter↓, stroke volume and contractility preservation, cardiac function↑ | [56] | |
| hESCs | Mouse and pig | Cardiac function↑, cell engraftment↑, angiogenesis↑, EF↑, infarct size↓, LV hypertrophy↓, systolic LV wall stress↓, LV systolic thickening fraction↓ | [57] | |
| Rat adipose-derived MSCs | Rat | Preserved wall thickness, LV end-diastolic and systolic dimensions↓, LV end-diastolic volume↓, LV end-systolic volume↓, LV remodeling suppressed | [58] | |
| hESC-derived cardiac progenitors | Rat | LV end-systolic volume↓, EF↑, angiogenesis↑, absence of teratomas | [59] | |
| Human iPSC-derived CMs, ECs, and smooth muscle cells | Pig | Cell survival↑, LV EF↑, contractility↑, infarct size↓, regional wall stress↓, energetic efficiency↑, lack of arrhythmias, apoptosis↓, cellular expression of Nkx2.5↑, angiogenesis↑, immune response delayed, protective paracrine effects | [54] | |
| Rat heart cells; native population or CM-depleted population | Rat | EF and FS↑ (only for patch with native cell population), wall thickness↑, infarct size↓, cell migration, vascularization↑, electrical coupling and alignment not achieved | [60] | |
| Human umbilical cord blood MSCs | Mouse | Infarct size↓, vessel density↑ | [61] | |
| Human umbilical cord blood MSCs | Mouse | Microvasculature formation↑, FS↑, EF↑ | [62] | |
| Swine MSCs | Pig | LV thickness fraction↑, neovascularization↑, differentiation into myocyte-like cell lineage | [63] | |
| Swine MSCs+thymosin β4 | Rat | Proliferation↑, protection against hypoxia, LV EF↑, LV FS↑, wall thickening↑, vasculogenesis↑, cell survival↑ | [64] | |
| Fibrin+PEG | SDF-1α | Mouse | c-kit+ cell recruitment↑, LV function↑ | [68] |
| Fibrin+decellularized myocardial ECM | Human mesenchymal progenitor cells (TGF-β-conditioned or not) | Rat | Angiogenesis↑, cell migration↑, LV diameter and area preservation, contractility↑ | [70] |
ATDPC adipose tissue-derived progenitor cell, CM cardiomyocyte, EC endothelial cell, ECM extracellular matrix, EF ejection fraction, FS fractional shortening, hESC human embryonic stem cell, iPSC induced pluripotent stem cell, LV left ventricle/left ventricular, MI myocardial infarction, MSC mesenchymal stem cell, PEG polyethylene glycol, SDF stromal cell-derived factor, TGF transforming growth factor