Table 3. OR for myopia and high myopia in UK biobank participants by birth order after adjusting for full set of potential confounders.
| Model 1a |
Model 2b |
Model 3c |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | OR | 95%CI | P | |
| MYOPIA (N=25,278) | |||||||||
| First vs. second born | 1.10 | (1.04 to 1.17) | 1.70E-03 | 1.08 | (1.01 to 1.15) | 1.60E-02 | 1.14 | (1.07 to 1.21) | 6.10E-05 |
| First vs. third born | 1.09 | (1.00 to 1.19) | 6.00E-02 | 1.04 | (0.95 to 1.14) | 3.60E-01 | 1.15 | (1.05 to 1.27) | 3.20E-03 |
| First vs. fourth born or higher | 1.16 | (1.02 to 1.30) | 1.90E-02 | 1.02 | (0.90 to 1.15) | 7.50E-01 | 1.17 | (1.03 to 1.34) | 1.80E-02 |
| HIGH MYOPIA (N=18,047 d ) | |||||||||
| First vs. second born | 1.18 | (1.03 to 1.36) | 2.10E-02 | 1.14 | (0.99 to 1.31) | 7.30E-02 | 1.23 | (1.06 to 1.43) | 5.10E-03 |
| First vs. third born | 1.18 | (0.96 to 1.44) | 1.20E-01 | 1.11 | (0.90 to 1.36) | 3.30E-01 | 1.29 | (1.04 to 1.60) | 2.20E-02 |
| First vs. fourth born or higher | 0.93 | (0.72 to 1.19) | 5.50E-01 | 0.77 | (0.60 to 1.00) | 4.70E-02 | 0.95 | (0.73 to 1.25) | 7.40E-01 |
a
Model 1; Adjusted for age and sex only.
b
Model 2; Adjusted for age, sex and highest educational qualification.
c
Model 3; Adjusted for age, sex, highest educational qualification, Townsend Deprivation Index, current time spent outdoors, birth weight and maternal age.
d
Sample size reduced since participants with mild/moderate myopia were excluded.