Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants by gender.
| All officers (n = 430) | Women (n = 111) | Men (n = 319) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | p-value | |
|
| ||||
| Age (years) | 42.1 ± 8.4 | 41.2 ± 6.4 | 42.5 ± 8.9 | 0.104 |
| Sleep duration (hours) | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.2 | 0.744 |
| Physical Activity score | 21.3 ± 18.1 | 21.4 ± 17.3 | 21.3 ± 18.5 | 0.928 |
| Alcohol intake (drinks/wk) | 5.6 ± 9.5 | 3.8 ± 6.1 | 6.2 ± 10.4 | 0.005 |
| Perceived stress (PSS-14) | 20.0 ± 7.9 | 22.2 ± 9.2 | 19.3 ± 7.2 | 0.003 |
| CES-D score | 7.7 ± 7.0 | 8.7 ± 8.1 | 7.4 ± 6.5 | 0.108 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 ± 4.8 | 26.1 ± 4.7 | 30.3 ± 4.2 | <0.0001 |
| Social support | 83.2 ± 8.9 | 83.8 ± 8.7 | 83.0 ± 9.0 | 0.418 |
| Race/ethnicity | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Caucasian | 332 (78.3) | 79 (71.2) | 253 (80.8) | 0.010 |
| African American | 84 (20.1) | 32 (28.8) | 53 (16.9) | |
| Hispanic | 7 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 7 (2.2) | |
| Education | ||||
| High school/GED | 47 (11.0) | 5 (4.5) | 42 (13.2) | 0.039 |
| College < 4 years | 237 (55.2) | 67 (60.4) | 170 (53.5) | |
| College ≥ 4 years | 145 (33.8) | 39 (35.1) | 106 (33.3) | |
| Rank | ||||
| Patrol police | 298 (70.0) | 86 (77.5) | 212 (67.3) | 0.132 |
| Sergeant/Lieut/Captain | 67 (15.7) | 13 (11.7) | 54 (17.1) | |
| Det/Executive/Other | 61 (14.3) | 12 (10.8) | 49 (15.6) | |
| Shift Work | ||||
| Day | 174 (42.4) | 75 (70.1) | 99 (32.7) | <0.001 |
| Afternoon | 139 (33.9) | 18 (16.8) | 121 (39.9) | |
| Night | 97 (23.7) | 14 (13.1) | 83 (27.4) | |
| Smoking Status | ||||
| Current | 70 (16.4) | 28 (25.9) | 42 (13.2) | 0.001 |
| Former | 107 (25.1) | 32 (29.6) | 75 (23.5) | |
| Never | 250 (58.6) | 48 (44.4) | 202 (63.3) | |
| Perceived stress | ||||
| 1-14 | 101 (23.5) | 25 (22.5) | 76 (23.8) | <0.001 |
| 15-19 | 120 (27.9) | 23 (20.7) | 97 (30.4) | |
| 20-24 | 106 (24.7) | 21 (18.9) | 85 (26.7) | |
| 25-46 | 103 (24.0) | 42 (37.8) | 61 (19.1) | |
| Sleep quality | ||||
| Good | 201 (48.1) | 50 (45.9) | 151 (48.9) | 0.590 |
| Poor | 217 (51.9) | 59 (54.1) | 158 (51.1) | |
| Sleep (hours per 24-hr) | ||||
| 0-5.9 | 135 (31.4) | 38 (34.2) | 97 (30.4) | 0.269 |
| 6.0-6.9) | 139 (32.3) | 29 (26.1) | 110 (34.5) | |
| ≥ 7.0 | 156 (36.3) | 44 (39.6) | 112 (35.1) | |
| CES-D score | ||||
| < 10 | 308 (71.6) | 77 (69.4) | 231 (72.4) | 0.540 |
| ≥ 10 | 122 (28.4) | 34 (30.6) | 88 (27.6) | |
| Social support | ||||
| Low (< mediam) | 231 (53.7) | 55 (49.6) | 176 (55.2) | 0.306 |
| High (≥ median) | 199 (46.3) | 56 (50.5) | 143 (44.8) | |
| Military Experience | ||||
| Yes | 109 (25.4) | 14 (12.6) | 95 (29.8) | <0.001 |
| No | 321 (74.7) | 97 (87.4) | 224 (70.2) | |
| Workload | ||||
| Low | 263 (64.0) | 57 (53.8) | 206 (67.5) | 0.011 |
| Medium/High | 148 (36.0) | 49 (46.2) | 99 (32.5) | |
P-values for continuous variables comparing women and men are from Student’s t-tests.
P-values for categorical variables comparing women and men are from chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.