Fig. 1.

Colonization of Arcobacter butzleri in the small intestines of gnotobiotic TLR-4^–/– IL-10^–/– mice following peroral infection. Gnotobiotic TLR-4^–/– IL-10^–/– (open symbols) and IL-10^–/– control mice (closed symbols) were generated by antibiotic treatment and perorally infected either with A. butzleri strain CCUG 30485 (circles) or strain C1 (squares). A. butzleri loads were determined in luminal samples derived from the (A) duodenum and (B) ileum at days 6 or 16 p.i. and expressed as colony forming units (CFU) per gram (g) sample. Medians (black bars), numbers of mice harboring the pathogen out of the total number of analyzed animals (in parentheses), and levels of significance (p-value) determined by Mann–Whitney U test are indicated. Data shown were pooled from three independent experiments