Table 2.

Crude and Adjusted Risk Ratios (RR) or Mean Differences (MD) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) for Treatment Outcomes According to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Exposure Status Among N = 238 Children Aged 1–23 Mo With Pneumonia in Gaborone, Botswana, April 2012–October 2013

	Crude			Adjustedb
	RR or MD	(95% CI)	Pa	RR or MD	(95% CI)	Pa
HIV-EU vs. HIV-unexposed
Primary outcome
Treatment failure at 48 h	1.99	(1.35, 2.93)	.0005	1.83	(1.27, 2.64)	0.001
Secondary outcomes
Days of supplemental oxygen	+0.88 days	(−0.54, +2.31 days)	.22	+0.68 days	(−0.73, +2.09 days)	0.35
Days of CPAP or mechanical ventilation	+0.55 days	(+0.15, +0.95 days)	.008	+0.49 days	(+0.10, +0.89 days)	0.02
Length of stay, days	+1.89 days	(0.00, +3.78 days)	.05	+1.74 days	(−0.12, +3.61 days)	0.07
In-hospital mortality	4.78	(1.49, 15.32)	.009	4.31	(1.44, 12.87)	0.01
HIV-infected vs. HIV-unexposed
Primary outcome
Treatment failure at 48 h	2.55	(1.61, 4.03)	<.0001	2.08	(1.39, 3.12)	0.0004
Secondary outcomes
Days of supplemental oxygen	+7.27 days	(+5.00, +9.54 days)	<.0001	+6.84 days	(+4.58, +9.10 days)	<0.0001
Days of CPAP or mechanical ventilation	+1.08 days	(+0.44, +1.73 days)	.001	+0.95 days	(+0.31, +1.59 days)	0.004
Length of stay, days	+12.29 days	(+9.28, +15.29 days)	<.0001	+11.82 days	(+8.83, +14.80 days)	<0.0001
In-hospital mortalityc	3.83	(0.75, 19.56)	.11	3.05	(0.66, 14.06)	0.15

Abbreviations: HIV-EU, HIV-exposed uninfected; CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.

^aWald χ² P values.

^bRisk ratios (or differences in means) estimated from Cox proportional hazards models (or linear regression models) adjusted for age and proximity to health care services.

^cEstimates are based on only N = 2 deaths among HIV-infected children.