Table 3.
Group comparisons of the associations of volumes (mm3) of subcortical structures to the performance measures for language-related cognition.
| Slope (β) | NC | HR | SCH |
F Statistic |
P Value |
Post hoc t tests (P-Value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Region | ||||||
| WAIS-VCI | ||||||
| L. Caudata | −18.9 | 99.2 | 59.5 | 4.52 | 0.01 | NC<HR (0.003) |
| L. Pallidum | 1.57 | 9.93 | 30.2 | 3.18 | 0.048 | NC<SCH (0.013) HR<SCH (0.014) |
| L. Putamen | −7.18 | 23.2 | 110.3 | 4.64 | 0.014 | NC<SCH (0.013) |
| L. Thalamus | −20.4 | 108.4 | 182.2 | 5.00 | 0.01 | NC<HR (0.011) NC<SCH (0.007) |
| R. Putamen | −13.7 | 5.38 | 103.3 | 4.85 | 0.01 | NC<SCH (0.003) HR<SCH (0.001) |
| WRAT | ||||||
| L. Pallidum | −0.20 | −3.10 | 9.27 | 4.61 | 0.01 | NC<SCH (0.020) HR<SCH (0.010) |
| L. Thalamus | −11.07 | −6.44 | 53.7 | 4.81 | 0.01 | NC<SCH (0.001) HR<SCH (0.002) |
| R. Thalamus | −6.86 | −15.1 | 47.9 | 3.91 | 0.03 | NC<SCH (0.009) HR<SCH (0.010) |
| CVLT | ||||||
| L. Pallidum | 5.11 | 62.57 | −20.2 | 3.45 | 0.04 | NC<HR (0.010) |
| L. Thalamus | 37.0 | 32.9 | −17.3 | 3.74 | 0.03 | NC>SCH (0.03) |
| R. Pallidum | −15.1 | 79.3 | −18.9 | 5.10 | 0.009 | NC<HR (0.005) HR>SCH (0.008) |
| R. Putamen | −54.7 | 252.8 | −35.5 | 3.90 | 0.03 | NC<HR (0.014) HR>SCH (0.020) |
| R. Thalamus | 29.9 | 320.9 | −16.9 | 3.71 | 0.03 | NC<HR (0.032) HR>SCH (0.006) |
β indicates the slope of the linear regression analysis of the subcortical structure volumes plotted against the language-associated fMRI and behavioral measures. NC: normal control group; HR: high-risk group; SCH: schizophrenia group. P< 0.05 were considered significant. WAIS-VCI: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale – Verbal Comprehension Index; WRAT: Wide Range Achievement Test; CVLT: California Verbal Learning Test.