Figure 2. TGF-β1 pretreatment increases oHSV titer in both in vitro co-culture system and GB-bearing nude mice.

A) oHSV-infected U251 cells were co-cultured with TGF-β1 pretreated or untreated macrophages (RAW 264.7) for 12 h, and oHSV titer was measured by plaque assay. B) oHSV-infected U251 cells were co-cultured with TGF-β1 pretreated or untreated microglia (BV2) for 12 h, followed by oHSV titer measurement by plaque assay. C) oHSV-infected U251 cells co-cultured with TGF-β1 treated or untreated NK-92 cells for 12 h, followed by oHSV titer measurement by plaque assay. D) 24 h prior to oHSV injection to the hemisphere of GB bearing mice, TGF-β1 or 1D11 was administered to the mice through i.v. injection. Two days later, the hemisphere was harvested and lysed. The lysates were serially diluted and added to Vero cells seeded in 96-well plates to determine viral plaques. Representative data of three independent experiments are shown in A, B and C. D is representative of two independent experiments with three mice in each group in each experiment. * P < 0.05; **P < 0.01