Figure 4.

Lithium's amplification of circadian rhythms depends on CACNA1C genotype. Per2∷luc circadian rhythms were recorded in parallel at baseline and during treatment with 1 mM lithium in 55 human cell lines (32 BD, 23 control). Rhythms from two representative cell lines are shown ± lithium (A) one homozygous for the common G allele and (B) one carrier of the BD-associated C allele at CACNA1C rs4765913. Raw data and best fit damped sine curves are shown for each. (C) Lithium increased amplitude differentially according to genotype [two-way ANOVA indicates effect of drug (p<0.001) and drug × genotype interaction (p<0.05)]. N=38 GG genotype, N=17 GC/CC genotypes, values are means ± SEM; *p < 0.05 by post-hoc T-test.