Table 2.
Mean age, cumulative length of exposure to Italian, and performance on background tests: RAVEN, PPVT-4, digit span, and non-word repetition tasks across groups (raw scores and SD).
| Group N = 85 | Age Years Mean (SD) | UBILEC Cumulative exposure index | RAVEN Mean (SD) | PPVT- 4 Mean (SD) | Digit span Mean (SD) | Non-word repetition Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bilingual Y1 N = 18 | 6.65 (0.32) | 1.0 | 24.00 (3.56) | 96.83 (7.96) | 4.40 (0.60) | 13.45 (2.19) |
| Bilingual Y2 N = 22 | 7.80 (0.47) | 0.8 | 24.41 (3.9) | 102.50 (13.29) | 5.10 (0.70) | 11.75 (1.48) |
| Monolingual Y1 N = 20 | 6.60 (0.31) | 4.4 | 22.80 (3.21) | 99.35 (16.11) | 4.80 (0.68) | 12.95 (2.29) |
| Monolingual Y2 N = 25 | 7.68 (0.26) | 4.6 | 24.68 (3.74) | 100.24 (11.53) | 4.84 (0.61) | 12.48 (2.06) |