Table 1. Descriptive statistics at baseline.
| All participants (N=122) X±SD | Nursing home group (N=71) X±SD | Community-dwelling group (N=51) X±SD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years)α ** | 78 ± 8.8 | 84.4 ± 4.9 | 69.1 ± 3.7 |
| Weight (kg)α ** | 68.8 ± 13.1 | 64.6 ± 10.5 | 74.7 ± 14.2 |
| Height (cm)α * | 155.9 ± 8.6 | 154.2 ± 8.4 | 158.1 ± 8.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2)α * | 28.3 ± 4.5 | 27.1 ± 3.8 | 29.8 ± 4.9 |
| Female † | 69.7% | 64.8% | 76.5% |
| Marital status † | |||
| Married | 21.3% | 16.9% | 27.5% |
| Widowed | 61.5% | 67.6% | 54.9% |
| Single | 17.2% | 15.5% | 17.6% |
| Barthel Index score (0–100)α ** | 93.4 ± 10.3 | 89 ± 11.5 | 99.7 ± 0.9 |
| 6MWT(m)α ** | 324.7 ± 103.9 | 290.6 ± 110.7 | 371.4 ± 71.7 |
| Gait speed (m/s)α ** | 0.8 ± 0.3 | 0.6 ± 0.2 | 1.1 ± 0.2 |
| BBS (0–56)α ** | 49.1 ± 5.7 | 46.9 ± 5.8 | 52 ± 3.9 |
| TUG (s)α ** | 12.6 ± 6.0 | 15.2 ± 6.7 | 9.2 ± 1.7 |
| Rectus femoris CSA (cm2)α ** | 4.6 ± 1.9 | 3.4 ± 1.3 | 6.2 ± 1.6 |
| STS-5 (s)α ** | 14.1 ± 6.6 | 15.9 ± 7.9 | 11.7 ± 2.9 |
| SPPB (0–12)α ** | 8.59 ± 2.9 | 6.8 ± 2.5 | 10.9 ± 1.5 |
| Hand-grip strength (kg)α ** | 23.2 ± 8.2 | 20 ± 7.4 | 27.7 ± 7.2 |
BMI: body mass index; 6MWT: 6-min walk test; BBS: Berg Balance Scale; TUG: Timed Up and Go test; CSA: cross-sectional area; STS-5: sit-to-stand test with five repetitions; SPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery total score. αStudent’s t test or Mann-Whitney U test between groups. †χ2 test. **p≤0.01; *p≤0.05