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. 2015 Dec 14;6:10103. doi: 10.1038/ncomms10103

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(a–d) SEM images of our structure are presented. (a) Collapsed alumina nanowires due to the capillary-force in drying process are linked to the vertices of hexagonal unit at bottom. (b) After gold coating, the sizes of nanowires are measured. (c) The top ends of collapsed nanowires conglomerate to form ridges. (d) Cross-sectional SEM image of black gold membrane presents funnel-shaped bundles. Scale bars, (a,b) 100 nm (c) 2 μm and (d) 1 μm, respectively. (e,f) Theoretical modelling of the self-aggregated structure. (e) Star of David shaped hexagonal unit of nanowires with concentric triangular cross sections of gold coating on alumina (top) merges at the top end. (f) A funnel-shaped bundle is modelled by aligning merging hexagonal units as vertical or slanted.