Figure 2. Gly-MCA reverses metabolic dysfunctions in HFD-fed obese mice.

(a) The growth curves of body weight of established obese mice fed a HFD treated with vehicle and 10 mg kg⁻¹ Gly-MCA for 5 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment. (b,c) Resting and total O₂ consumption (b), and resting and total energy expenditure (c) performed at room temperature in obese mice after 2 weeks of Gly-MCA treatment. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment. (d) Glucose tolerance test (left panel) and the area under the curve (AUC) (right panel) of HFD-induced obese mice treated with vehicle and Gly-MCA for 4 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment. (e) Insulin tolerance test (ITT) of HFD-induced obese mice treated with vehicle and Gly-MCA for 5 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment. (f) Fasting serum insulin levels. Obese mice fed a HFD were treated with or without Gly-MCA for 5 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment. (g) Representative H&E staining of liver sections. Scale bars, 100 μm. n=5 mice per group. (h) Liver weights. Obese mice fed a HFD were treated with or without Gly-MCA for 5 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment. (i) Liver triglyceride contents. Obese mice fed a HFD were treated with or without Gly-MCA for 5 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. Two-tailed Student's t-test. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle treatment.