Figure 5. Gly-MCA prevents mice from HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance via the inhibition of intestinal FXR.

(a) The growth curves of body weight over the course of 8 weeks, of vehicle- and once per day 10 mg kg⁻¹ Gly-MCA-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice and Fxr^ΔIE mice, respectively, fed a HFD. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey's correction. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 compared with vehicle-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice. (b) Fat mass (left panel) and fat mass to lean mass ratio (right panel) of vehicle- and Gly-MCA-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice and Fxr^ΔIE mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's correction. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice. (c) Glucose tolerance test (left panel) and the area under the curve (AUC) (right panel) in vehicle- and Gly-MCA-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice and Fxr^ΔIE mice after 4 weeks on a HFD. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's correction. *P<0.05 compared with vehicle-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice. (d) Insulin tolerance test (ITT) in vehicle- and Gly-MCA-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice and Fxr^ΔIE mice fed a HFD for 5 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's correction. *P<0.05 compared with vehicle-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice. (e) Fasted serum insulin levels of vehicle- and Gly-MCA-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice and Fxr^ΔIE mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks. n=5 mice per group. Data are presented as mean±s.d. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's correction. **P<0.01 compared with vehicle-treated Fxr^fl/fl mice.