. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 17.

Published in final edited form as: Dev Psychol. 2015 Jul 6;51(9):1307–1316. doi: 10.1037/a0039501

Table 2.

Fixed and Random Effects Estimates for Predictors of Depression During the High School Years

Parameter	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Fixed Effects^▼
Intercept, β₀₀	1.66(0.04)^***	1.82(0.06)^***	1.78(0.06)^***	1.79 (.0.06)^***
SES, β₀₁		−0.003(0.002)	−0.003(0.002)	−0.002(0.002)
Age, β₀₂		0.046(0.034)	0.025(0.03)	0.021(0.03)
Race/ethnicity^§, β₀₃		−0.012(0.058)	−0.011(0.06)	−0.014(0.06)
Sex^⌘, β₀₄		−0.288(0.04)^***	−0.280(0.04)^***	−0.280(0.04)^***
Wave, β₁₀	0.20(0.04)^***	0.19(0.035)^***	0.214(0.03)^***	0.21(0.036)^***
Wave², β₂₀	−0.05(0.01)^***	−0.087(0.01)^***	−0.086(0.01)^***	−0.086(0.01)^***
SES, β₂₁		0.0034(0.003)
Age, β₂₂		−0.008(0.006)
Race/ethnicity^§, β₂₃		0.027(0.007)^***	0.027(0.007)^***	0.028(0.007)^***
Sex^⌘, β₂₄		0.019(0.008)^*	0.017(0.007)^*	0.016(0.008)^*
Violence observation			0.034(0.015)^*	0.032(0.016)^*
Conflict in family			0.213(0.034)^***	0.20(0.035)^***
Mother support				−0.05(0.02)^*
Friend support				0.039(0.023)

Random effects	Variance estimates (SD)

Intercept, r₀	0.14(0.38)^***	0.197(0.44)^***	0.0191(0.44)^***	0.194(0.44)^***
Wave, r₁	0.11(0.33)
Wave², r₂	0.021(0.14)^***	0.0025(0.05)^***	0.0021(0.05)^***	0.0023(0.05)^***
Residual, e	0.39(0.62)	0.416(0.64)	0.411(0.64)	0.407(0.64)
Model fit (−2LL using iteration 5)	7245.95	7253.18	7181.08	7071.55

^***

p≤0.001,

^**

p≤0.01,

p≤0.05

^▼

robust SE in parentheses

^§

Whites: referent group,

^⌘

Females: referent group