Figure 9.

Infrarenal porcine abdominal aorta 4 weeks after laparoscopically delivered periarterial CaCl₂ and angiotensin-II infusion by osmotic minipump inserted retroperitoneally by laparoscopy on the background of a 1-month high cholesterol, high fat diet. Top left, Relatively normal area adjacent to the site of calcium application (except for mild intimal hyperplasia). The remaining sections are from the site of aneurysm formation. Top middle, Marked disruption of the media with extensive fibromuscular hyperplasia (Movat). Top right, Transmedial disruption with fragmented elastica, neovascularization, RBC extravasation (H&E). Bottom left, Marked fragmentation of the elastic lamellae with infiltration of inflammatory cells including giant cells, some of which can be seen engulfing fragmented elastica (Movat). Bottom middle, Injury and depletion of smooth muscle cells with replacement by intercellular matrix (yellow) (Movat). Bottom right, Marked disruption of the media with fibrous tissue proliferation, neovascularization, and intramural extravasation of red blood cells (Movat).