Skip to main content
. 2015 Dec 14;10(12):e0144819. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144819

Table 6. Frequency of correct answer for items about CC among women in different regions (n = 308) (From Chi-square test).

Items Most developed regions (N = 96) Developed regions (N = 106) Less developed regions (N = 106) Total frequency χ 2 p
Section 1 Risk factors of CC
Having multiple partners or partners who have multiple partners 56(58.3) 30(28.3) 8(7.5) 94(30.5) 61.649 <0.001
Had sexual intercourse and children at a young age 54(56.3) 24(22.6) 38(35.8) 116(37.7) 24.463 <0.001
History of Sexually transmitted diseases 54(56.3) 22(20.8) 2(1.2) 78(25.3) 80.510 <0.001
History of HPV infection 34(35.4) 6(5.7) 0(0.0) 40(13.0) 63.595 <0.001
Aged 30–65 40(41.7) 24(22.6) 12(11.3) 76(24.7) 25.319 <0.001
Hormonal contraceptive use 40(41.7) 18(17.0) 8(7.5) 66(21.5) 36.730 <0.001
Smoking 10(10.4) 24(22.6) 20(18.9) 54(17.5) 5.406 0.067
Section 2 CC prevention
Reduce numbers of sexual partners 54(56.3) 20(18.9) 4(3.8) 78(25.3) 76.919 <0.001
Late marriage and late childbirth 48(50.0) 6(5.7) 2(1.9) 56(18.2) 95.426 <0.001
Using condom 66(68.8) 14(13.2) 0(0.0) 80(26.0) 137.536 <0.001
No smoking 12(12.5) 22(20.8) 4(3.8) 38(12.3) 14.134 0.001
Having HPV vaccine before sexual debut 26(27.1) 2(1.9) 0(0.0) 28(9.1) 54.861 <0.001
Prompt treatment of STIs 66(68.8) 36(34.0) 0(0.0) 102(33.1) 107.551 <0.001
CC screening 70(72.9) 58(54.7) 34(32.1) 162(52.6) 33.993 <0.001
Section 3 Symptoms of CC
Post-menopausal bleeding 58(60.4) 16(15.1) 4(3.8) 78(25.3) 94.412 <0.001
Abnormal vaginal discharge 62(64.6) 32(30.2) 12(11.3) 106(34.4) 64.595 <0.001
Vulvar itching or burning sensation (Choose “No”) 48(50.0) 82(77.4) 106(100.0) 236(76.6) 70.360 <0.001
Inter-menstrual bleeding 62(64.6) 22(20.8) 16(15.1) 100(32.5) 66.383 <0.001
Vaginal discharge 32(33.3) 10(9.4) 0(0.0) 42(13.6) 49.952 <0.001
Pelvic pain 40(41.7) 24(22.6) 0(0.0) 64(20.8) 53.470 <0.001
Bleeding after sexual intercourse, douching, or a pelvic exam 70(72.9) 20(18.9) 12(11.3) 102(33.1) 101.106 <0.001
Urinary frequency, urgency 30(31.3) 8(7.5) 0(0.0) 38(12.3) 48.916 <0.001
Longer or heavier menstrual periods 56(58.3) 26(24.5) 20(18.9) 102(33.1) 40.806 <0.001
Section 4 Benefits of screening
Early detection of cervical precancerous lesions or cancer 74(77.1) 68(64.2) 48(45.3) 190(61.7) 21.970 <0.001
Early diagnosis of cervical precancerous lesions or cancer 60(62.5) 30(28.3) 12(11.3) 102(33.1) 61.264 <0.001
Early treatment of cervical precancerous lesions or cancer 72(75.0) 68(64.2) 42(39.6) 182(59.1) 27.794 <0.001
Section 6 Understanding of the positive results
Negative screening result means cervix without any lesion, needing no more screening (Choose “No”) 78(81.3) 82(77.4) 52(49.1) 212(68.8) 29.814 <0.001
Negative screening result means cervix without any lesion, but still needing screening every 2–3 years 62(64.6) 66(62.3) 44(41.5) 172(55.8) 13.578 0.001
Positive screening result means suffering from CC(Choose “No”) 50(52.1) 38(35.8) 12(11.3) 100(32.5) 39.019 <0.001
Positive screening result means suffering from early stage cervical carcinoma (Choose “No”) 48(50.0) 34(32.1) 10(9.4) 92(29.9) 39.949 <0.001
Positive screening result means suffering from cervical precancerous lesions (Choose “No”) 44(45.8) 18(17.0) 8(7.5) 70(22.7) 45.086 <0.001
Positive screening result means there is cervical lesion, it needs further diagnosis 76(79.2) 64(60.4) 40(37.7) 180(58.4) 35.853 <0.001
CC is an incurable disease (Choose “No”) 70(72.9) 90(84.9) 88(83.0) 248(80.5) 5.260 0.072
CC is a disease can be treated 82(85.4) 86(81.1) 84(79.2) 252(81.8) 1.341 0.511
CC is curable disease 56(58.3) 68(64.2) 82(77.4) 206(66.9) 8.777 0.012