Table 2. Cox proportional hazard univariate and multivariate analysis predicting OS and CSS in 187 patients with UTUC.
| OS | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis |
| HR (95% CI), P value | HR (95% CI), P value | |
| Age, year (≥70 vs. <70) | 1.888 (1.199–2.971), 0.006 | 1.742 (1.099–2.762), 0.018 |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 1.900 (1.230–2.934), 0.004 | 2.745 (1.723–4.374), <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (continuous) | 0.969 (0.912–1.030), 0.309 | |
| Preoperative CKD stage | ||
| No CKD/Stage 1/Stage 2 (reference) | 1 | 1 |
| Stage 3 | 1.948 (1.168–3.248), 0.011 | 1.536 (0.884–2.668), 0.128 |
| Stage 4/Stage 5 | 2.322 (1.264–4.267), 0.007 | 2.414 (1.259–4.630), 0.008 |
| Cigarette smoking (yes vs. no) | 1.259 (0.709–2.237), 0.432 | |
| Previous or synchronous BUC (yes vs. no) | 1.197 (0.684–2.094), 0.529 | |
| ASA score (III vs. ≤II) | 1.425 (0.885–2.292), 0.145 | |
| Hydronephrosis (present vs. absent) | 1.368 (0.889–2.105), 0.154 | |
| Surgical procedure (laparoscopic vs. open) | 0.732 (0.450–1.193), 0.211 | |
| Ureter involvement (present vs. absent) | 1.702 (1.103–2.627), 0.016 | 1.554 (0.986–2.450), 0.058 |
| Multifocality (yes vs. no) | 0.770 (0.457–1.298), 0.327 | |
| Tumor architecture (papillary vs. sessile) | 0.599 (0.347–1.034), 0.066 | |
| T stage (advanced vs. localized) | 2.868 (1.813–4.537), <0.001 | 2.442 (1.502–3.970), <0.001 |
| Lymph node status (N+ vs. N0/Nx) | 2.326 (0.940–5.759), 0.068 | |
| Tumor grade (high vs. low) | 2.756 (1.422–5.341), 0.003 | 1.793 (0.975–3.296), 0.060 |
| Lymphovascular invasion (present vs. absent) | 1.015 (0.551–1.872), 0.961 | |
| NLR (continuous) | 1.151 (0.986–1.343), 0.075 | |
| AGR (≥1.45 vs. <1.45) | 0.391 (0.252–0.606), <0.001 | 0.452 (0.271–0.751), 0.002 |
| CSS | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis |
| HR (95% CI), P value | HR (95%CI), P value | |
| Age, year (≥70 vs. <70) | 1.649 (0.947–2.869), 0.077 | |
| Gender (male vs. female) | 2.868 (1.628–5.052), <0.001 | 4.257 (2.304–7.864), <0.001 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (continuous) | 0.979 (0.909–1.055), 0.585 | |
| Preoperative CKD stage | ||
| No CKD/Stage 1/Stage 2 (reference) | 1 | |
| Stage 3 | 1.757 (0.961–3.213), 0.067 | |
| Stage 4/Stage 5 | 1.437 (0.640–3.226), 0.380 | |
| Cigarette smoking (yes vs. no) | 1.596 (0.823–3.097), 0.167 | |
| Previous or synchronous BUC (yes vs. no) | 1.072 (0.524–2.194), 0.849 | |
| ASA score (III vs. ≤II) | 1.422 (0.792–2.551), 0.238 | |
| Hydronephrosis (present vs. absent) | 1.944 (1.133–3.335), 0.016 | 1.233 (0.688–2.211), 0.481 |
| Surgical procedure (laparoscopic vs. open) | 0.713 (0.388–1.311), 0.277 | |
| Ureter involvement (present vs. absent) | 2.688 (1.525–4.737), 0.001 | 2.470 (1.314–4.641), 0.005 |
| Multifocality (yes vs. no) | 0.712 (0.367–1.380), 0.314 | |
| Tumor architecture (papillary vs. sessile) | 0.451 (0.242–0.843), 0.013 | 1.098 (0.550–2.193), 0.790 |
| T stage (advanced vs. localized) | 3.298 (1.889–5.757), <0.001 | 2.050 (1.104–3.805), 0.023 |
| Lymph node status (N+ vs. N0/Nx) | 3.728 (1.481–9.389), 0.005 | 2.017 (0.738–5.510), 0.171 |
| Tumor grade (high vs. low) | 3.000 (1.283–7.016), 0.011 | 2.428 (0.955–6.173), 0.063 |
| Lymphovascular invasion (present vs. absent) | 1.057 (0.499–2.241), 0.884 | |
| NLR (continuous) | 1.165 (0.964–1.408), 0.113 | |
| AGR (≥1.45 vs. <1.45) | 0.490 (0.287–0.838), 0.009 | 0.474 (0.261–0.864), 0.015 |
OS, overall survival; CSS, cancer-specific survival; UTUC, upper tract urothelial carcinoma; CKD, chronic kidney disease; BUC, bladder urothelial carcinoma; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; NLR, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio; AGR, albumin-globulin ratio.