. 2015 Dec 17;10(12):e0144986. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144986

Table 3. Experiment #1 spatiotemporal gait parameter effects and interactions.

	Conditions				Effects (p values)
	No Dual-Task		Dual-Task
	No Visual Cues	Visual Cues	No Visual Cues	Visual Cues		Group	DT	Group*DT	VC	Group^* VC	Trial	Group^* Trial	DT^* VC	Group^* DT*VC	DT^* Trial	Group^* DT*Trial	VC^* Trial	Group^* VC^* Trial	DT^* VC^* Trials	Group^* DT^* VC*Trial	UPDRS
*Step Length (cm)*					ANOVA	0.0014	<0.0001	0.061	0.0007	0.0026	0.0091	0.337	<0.0001	0.717	0.538	0.256	0.0035	0.203	0.623	0.883
*Step Length (cm)*					ANCOVA	0.128	0.214	0.272	0.187	0.0103	0.385	0.318	0.364	0.578	0.251	0.713	0.54	0.828	0.951	0.952	0.081
Freezers	49.23 (13.25)	54.66 (15.12)	41.35 (14.04)	49.31 (18.55)
non-Freezers	65.58 (8.57)	63.46 (6.15)	61.04 (7.48)	64.42 (2.90)
*Step Length Variability (CV)*					ANOVA	0.0231	0.0003	0.0153	0.112	0.435	0.718	0.51	0.542	0.935	0.342	0.977	0.713	0.578	0.089	0.625
*Step Length Variability (CV)*					ANCOVA	0.384	0.3	0.061	0.194	0.234	0.33	0.971	0.245	0.459	0.043	0.192	0.224	0.852	0.657	0.62	0.132
Freezers	12.62 (9.86)	13.77 (15.69)	17.75 (13.40)	15.04 (13.66)
non-Freezers	6.00 (3.61)	5.47 (3.23)	6.32 (2.91)	5.48 (2.97)
*Step Time (sec.)*					ANOVA	0.08	0.92	0.661	<0.0001	0.0139	<0.0001	0.0352	0.0292	0.469	0.0019	0.804	<0.0001	0.103	<0.0001	0.547
*Step Time (sec.)*					ANCOVA	0.256	0.418	0.39	0.0441	0.0333	0.0001	0.034	0.343	0.417	0.246	0.777	0.0434	0.262	0.281	0.941	0.785
Freezers	0.57 (0.09)	0.68 (0.19)	0.56 (0.09)	0.64 (0.14)
non-Freezers	0.55 (0.05)	0.58 (0.06)	0.55 (0.05)	0.58 (0.06)
*Step Time Variability (CV)*					ANOVA	0.0122	0.988	0.17	0.0026	0.746	0.005	0.33	0.0016	0.848	0.0227	0.235	0.76	0.355	0.346	0.474
*Step Time Variability (CV)*					ANCOVA	0.154	0.885	0.356	0.527	0.889	0.922	0.782	0.272	0.738	0.587	0.313	0.825	0.664	0.446	0.851	0.424
Freezers	7.54 (8.31)	10.77 (7.28)	8.55 (5.51)	9.46 (5.77)
non-Freezers	4.49 (4.56)	5.74 (1.99)	4.89 (2.29)	5.42 (1.62)
*Double Support Time Percentage (%)*					ANOVA	0.326	<0.0001	0.582	0.0001	0.0299	0.0451	0.497	0.0001	0.76	0.077	0.2	0.128	0.628	0.735	0.969
*Double Support Time Percentage (%)*					ANCOVA	0.367	0.225	0.657	0.104	0.0432	0.285	0.214	0.887	0.393	0.21	0.134	0.516	0.838	0.772	0.828	0.0132
Freezers	36.65 (8.43)	35.46 (10.35)	41.22 (10.54)	37.72 (11.92)
non-Freezers	31.60 (4.81)	31.96 (4.66)	33.86 (4.46)	31.67 (3.71)
*DST% Variability (CV)*					ANOVA	0.0024	0.0187	0.321	0.336	0.646	0.204	0.524	0.0471	0.017	0.416	0.254	0.997	0.794	0.779	0.852
*DST% Variability (CV)*					ANCOVA	0.0118	0.327	0.317	0.488	0.506	0.539	0.812	0.039	0.0048	0.769	0.336	0.818	0.75	0.152	0.384	0.606
Freezers	7.03 (4.04)	10.11 (9.17)	8.92 (5.72)	8.27 (6.47)
non-Freezers	5.07 (2.62)	4.96 (3.82)	4.24 (1.74)	4.65 (3.00)
*Velocity (cm/sec)*					ANOVA	0.0004	<0.0001	0.154	0.274	0.0142	<0.0001	0.596	<0.0001	0.815	0.0054	0.31	0.605	0.708	0.0007	0.904
*Velocity (cm/sec)*					ANCOVA	0.07	0.983	0.867	0.965	0.0467	0.0016	0.173	0.0487	0.9968	0.0064	0.657	0.269	0.941	0.403	0.957	0.069
Freezers	88.26 (26.52)	84.02 (29.12)	74.83 (26.50)	78.26 (29.27)
non-Freezers	119.90 (20.43)	109.51 (16.02)	111.16 (17.19)	112.43 (12.39)

DT, Dual-Task; VC, Visual Cues; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale-III; DST%, Double Support Time Percentage

* illustrates interactions between groups, conditions, and trials (referring to the statistical comparisons between subsequent trials to evaluate whether completing each condition three times influences behaviours found).