Fig 10. Comparison of measured and observed CO2 emission simulated with LDNDC (top panels).

Best model runs were derived with four different objective functions using a Latin Hypercube sampling approach (n = 50,000 model urns). The objective function BIAS is shown in red, r² in green, RMSE in light blue and AI in dark blue. Observed values are shown as black dots. Middle panels depict classified residual error counts of simulated CO₂ emissions for each model. The dashed black lines in the correlation plots of observed versus simulated CO₂ emissions (bottom panels) show the theoretical optimal fit.