Fig 3. (A) Platform trajectories for perturbation displacements and velocities and (B) corresponding modulations in neuromuscular responses.

(A) Grand means of platform trajectories that illustrate pre-setting for displacement and velocity. (B) Mean changes in neuromuscular activity of all subjects in one representative thigh (a & b) and shank (c & d) muscle in response to increased perturbation displacement (a & c) and velocity (b & d) during the temporal phases before (PRE) and after (SLR, MLR, LLR) the perturbation (separated by dashed line). The phase- and segment-specific interaction effects are elucidated by the dashed boxes: muscles of the shank and thigh are used to compensate for increased perturbation displacement (grey triangle), and the neuromuscular response occurs in LLR (a & c). In contrast, only shank muscles are used for a fast compensation of increased perturbation velocity (grey triangle) during the early reflex phases SLR and MLR (b & d). * indicates a significant difference for pairwise comparisons (p<0.05).