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. 2015 Dec 18;6:1424. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01424

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Copyright © 2015 Braquart-Varnier, Raimond, Mappa, Chevalier, Le Clec’h and Sicard.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Hematopoietic organs as cornerstone for Wolbachia propagation. The six hematopoietic organs are localized between the sixth and seventh pereion segments and the first telson segment (A), along the dorsal vessel and hanging under the pericardia septum (B,C). The six HOs were 150 μm long, 150 μm large and 50–60 μm thick (C). Each HO contained only hemocytes presenting different maturation stages, the least mature being in the central area (C). The HOs discharge hemocytes in the hemolymph probably by diapedesis (D). In terrestrial isopod, hemolymph is a vital biological fluid notably implied in the transportation of oxygen and the circulation of immune cells in the general cavity (E). Transmission of Wolbachia can also happen when a hemolymph contact occurs between two wounded animals (F).