Table 1.

Analysis of variance for yield components, plant height, and physiological traits in F₈RILs from Zhou 8425B/Chinese Spring across four environments.

Source of variance	df	Sum of squares
		TKW	KNS	SN	PH	SL	Chl-A	Chl-10	NDVI-A	NDVI-10
Environments	3	30,765**	4676**	6,570,684**	163,966**	1806**	9428**	5974**	13.8**	9.09**
Lines	245	57,359**	89,731**	1,035,994**	605,189**	3971**	19,547**	46,644**	3.6**	9.03**
Replicates	2	29	170	4596	128	201**	113**	574**	0.01**	0.02**
Lines × Environments	735	90,428*	51,955**	717,092**	96,937**	1051**	10,527**	17,795**	2.5**	3.08**
Error	1966	6607	54,938	108,3116	103,483	1090	8235	22,346	1.2	2
Broad-sense heritability		0.94	0.78	0.74	0.94	0.90	0.79	0.85	0.65	0.88

^*Significant at P = 0.05,

^**Significant at P = 0.01.

TKW, thousand kernel weight; KNS, kernel number per spike; SN, spike number/m²; PH, plant height; SL, spike length; Chl-A, SPAD value of chlorophyll content at anthesis; Chl-10, SPAD value of chlorophyll content at 10 days post-anthesis; NDVI-A, normalized difference in vegetation index at anthesis; NDVI-10, normalized difference in vegetation index at 10 days post-anthesis.