Table 1.
Summary of parameter input base values used in the population viability analysis (PVA) of Chamois (Rupicapra).
| Simulation input | Base value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Reproductive system and rates | ||
| Breeding system | Polygyny | Loison et al., 1999b |
| Age of first reproducing females | 2–3 | Loison et al., 2002 |
| Age of first reproducing males | 5–6 | Corlatti et al., 2013, 2015 |
| Maximum age of female reproduction | 16 | Crampe et al., 2006 |
| Maximum age of male reproduction | 16 | NA |
| Maximum number of litter per year | 1 | Loison et al., 1999c |
| Maximum number of young per year | 1 | |
| Sex ratio at birth | 1:1 | Crampe et al., 2006 |
| Breeding at low density (%) | 70 for 2 years old females 90 for ≥3 years old females | Houssin et al., 1993; Pérez-Barbería et al., 1998; Loison et al., 2002 |
| % Adult females breeding | 88 (7) | Couturier, 1938; Storch, 1989; Houssin et al., 1993; Pérez-Barbería et al., 1998; Loison et al., 2002 |
| % Adult females having one litter per year | 100 | |
| Average litter size | 1 | |
| Maximum litter size | 1 | |
| Mortality rates | ||
| % Mortality from age 0–1 years | 42 (37) | Loison et al., 1999a; Crampe et al., 2002; Loison et al., 2002; Rughetti et al., 2011 |
| % Mortality from age 1–2 years | 19 (17) | |
| % Mortality from age 3–10 years | 18 (17) | |
| % Mortality for 10 years old | 74 (28) | |
| Catastrophes | ||
| Severe snow fall | At least once a decade | Crampe et al., 2002; Jonas et al., 2008; Rughetti et al., 2011 |
| Mortality rates due to disease outbreak | ||
| Keratoconjunctivitis outbreak (2 years) | 6% kids (13) and 70% yearlings (18), 20% females (13) and 9% males (9) | Loison et al., 1996; Giacometti et al., 2002; Arnal et al., 2013 |
| Sarcoptic mange outbreak (5 years) | 10.5% kids (18) and 14% yearlings (6.5), 52.5% females (26.5) and 60% males (18) | Rossi et al., 1995, 2007; Fernández-Morán et al., 1997 |
| Border disease outbreak (5 years) | 50.5% kids (58.5), 51.8% yearlings (75.7), 45.7% females (86.8), and 47% males (19.5) | Marco et al., 2007, 2009; Fernández-Sirera et al., 2012a; Annual counts of the Catalan Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Game, Fishery, and Food |
The numbers in the column “Source” correspond to the references used for a given base value. Data in parenthesis is the standard deviation of the mean base value due to environmental variation. We assume no sexual differences in mortality rates. NA indicates no information available.