Table 3.

EBC stimulus properties for studies of EBC in schizophrenia.

Study		CS properties								US properties
	Auditory					Visual				US intensity (psi)	US intensity measurementlocation	Dur. (ms)
	Modality	Freq. (Hz)	Intensity	CS intensity measurement	Dur. (ms)	Modality	Intensity	CS intensity measurement	Dur. (ms)
Taylor and Spence (54)	–	–	–	–	–	6 cm milk glass disk	24	Apparent foot-candles	520	30 mmHg = 0.58 psi	Mercury manometer	–
O’Connor and Rawnsley (55)	Tone	1100	65	dB above threshold for each subject	800	–	–	–	–	65 mmHg = 1.26 psi	N/A	500
Spain (56)
Auditory	Tone	1000	60	“Decibels in loudness”	1000	–	–	–	–	1 g	Measured at eye	160
Visual	–	–	–	–	–	Milk glass disk	700	Millilamberts	1000	1 g	Measured at eye	160
Sears et al. (57)	Tone	1000	75	dB	500	–	–	–	–	5	N/A	100
Hofer et al. (58)	Tone	1000	65	dB SPL	800	–	–	–	–	4	N/A	80
Stevens et al. (59)	Tone	300	80	dB SPL	800	–	–	–	–	2 bar = 29 psi	N/A	100
Marenco et al. (60)
Trace	Tone	1000	80	dB	500	–	–	–	–	Between 5 and 6	N/A	100
Delay	Tone	1000	80	dB	500	–	–	–	–	Between 5 and 6	N/A	100
Brown et al. (61)	Tone	1000	80	dB SPL	400	–	–	–	–	10	At the source	50
Edwards et al. (62)	Tone	1000	80	dB SPL	400	–	–	–	–	10	At the source	50
Bolbecker et al. (63)	Tone	1000	80	dB SPL	400	–	–	–	–	10	At the source	50
Bolbecker et al. (64)	Tone	1000	80	dB SPL	300; 400; 600; 900	–	–	–	–	10	At the source	50
Forsyth et al. (65)	Tone	1000	80	dB SPL	400	–	–	–	–	10	At the source	50
Parker et al. (66)	Tone	1000	75	dB	500	–	–	–	–	5	N/A	100
Bolbecker et al. (67)	Tone	1000	80	dB SPL	400	–	–	–	–	10	At the source	50
Coesmans et al. (68)	Tone	650	75	dB	520	–	–	–	–	Adapted to minimum intensity required to reliably evoke a UR	N/A	20