Table 3.
Adjusted association between Clostridium difficile infection- (CDI) and Health Severity Indicators (OR, 95% CI)
| Mortality OR (95% CI) | Colectomy OR (95% CI) | Length of Stay OR (95% CI) | Charges* OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
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| Main Predictor | Category | Referent | ||||
| CDI | Presence | Absence | 1.20 (1.01–1.43) | 1.36 (1.04–1.79) | 4.34 (3.97–4.83) | 2.12 (1.98–2.26) |
|
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| Covariates | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Age | continuous (0–17) | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | 1.07 (1.04–1.09) | 1.03 (1.02–1.03) | 1.05 (1.05–1.05) | |
|
| ||||||
| Gender | Female | Male | 0.90 (0.78–1.03) | 0.69 (0.55–0.86) | 1.13 (1.08–1.19) | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) |
|
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| Race/Ethnicity | Black | 1.33 (1.08–1.65) | 0.77 (0.53–1.11) | 1.23 (1.13–1.33) | 1.20 (1.12–1.28) | |
| Hispanic | White | 1.07 (0.88–1.29) | 0.76 (0.51–1.11) | 1.18 (1.10–1.29) | 1.35 (1.27–1.44) | |
| Other | 1.23 (0.91–1.67) | 0.83 (0.48–1.42) | 1.15 (1.03–1.29) | 1.36 (1.23–1.50) | ||
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| Region | Midwest | 1.16 (0.91–1.49) | 1.07 (0.75–1.52) | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.72 (0.67–0.77) | |
| South | Northeast | 0.94 (0.77–1.15) | 1.24 (0.93–1.64) | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.89 (0.84–0.94) | |
| West | 1.21 (0.99–1.48) | 1.08 (0.79–1.48) | 0.87 (0.81–0.93) | 1.68 (1.57–1.79) | ||
|
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| Insurance | Public | 2.49 (1.39–4.44) | 2.86 (1.39–5.87) | 1.55 (1.42–1.70) | 4.49 (4.11–4.91) | |
| Uninsured | Private | 1.10 (0.94–1.29) | 0.97 (0.73–1.29) | 1.30 (1.23–1.38) | 1.10 (1.05–1.16) | |
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| c-statistic | 0.81 | 0.90 | 0.75 | 0.77 | ||
Abbreviations: Odds Ratio (OR); Confidence Interval (CI)
Charges are inflation-adjusted to June 2009 dollars utilizing the consumer price index for hospital inpatient services. Note: Results are obtained from fitting separate multivariable logistic regression models on 1:5 case-control matched data. Matching was based on high dimensional propensity scores. Length of stay and charges are modeled as dichotomous with a median cut-point. Models are also adjusted for indication at discharge of being treated for bacterial infections, fungal infections, cystic fibrosis, neoplastic disease, hematologic disorders, solid organ transplant, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, malnutrition, IBD, appendicitis, renal disease, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, cardiac disease, pancreatitis, gastrostomy tube status, lupus erythematosis, gastroesophageal reflux, asthma, as well as the high dimensional propensity score.