Figure 4.

Effect of cooling motor cortex on PPCr stimulation-evoked movements in case 13–36. Arm movements evoked by stimulating a site in PPCr (orange circle) were videotaped before, during, and after cooling deactivation of the forelimb lift/reach or tongue representations in M1. Stimulation epochs are represented by red (baseline warm and rewarm) and blue (cool) rectangles at the top. The outline of the forelimb has been traced for individual video frames during the evoked movement for each epoch. Black tracing is forelimb position before the movement, green is position after the movement, and gray is intermediate positions. Plots illustrate forelimb speed. Cooling the forelimb lift representation in M1 abolished evoked movements in the forelimb lift representation in PPCr, categorized here as a homotopic effect (affecting the same limb). Cooling the M1 tongue representation did not affect evoked movements in the forelimb representation in PPCr; that is, at this site, there was not a heterotopic effect from M1 face to PPCr forelimb.