Figure 5.

Reconstruction of case 13–36. a, Location of IMCS sites in M1 and PPCr and the placement and size of cooling chips relative to these sites, major sulci, and cortical fields in a whole brain. b, Enlargement of boxed area in a with added ICMS maps obtained in M1 and PPCr before cooling regions in M1. In this case, a cooling chip was placed over forelimb representations in M1 (lift, reach, downward push). A second cooling chip was placed over the mouth-open representation in M1. Similar representations were identified in PPCr. c–g, Effects in PPCr during cooling and rewarming of the forelimb and mouth representations in M1. c, Baseline evoked movements in PPCr. d, Cooling deactivation of the mouth representation in M1 affects sites in both the mouth (grimace) and the forelimb representation in PPCr. e, Rewarming the mouth representation in M1 resulted in a return of the evoked movement in the mouth representation (although reduced), whereas the evoked movement in the forelimb representation did not return to the baseline condition. Evoked movements were tested at these same sites when the forelimb lift representation in M1 was cooled (f) and then rewarmed (g). Cooling the forelimb lift representation in M1 abolished evoked movements in the forelimb lift representation in PPCr and reduced evoked movement at one site in the face representation of PPCr. Rewarming this representation in M1 returned movements to normal within the forelimb representation in PPCr. The evoked movement at the one affected site in the face representation increased in amplitude with rewarming, but did not return to baseline levels. Thick black lines mark cortical field boundaries (dashed black lines represent estimated boundaries). Thin black lines mark boundaries of movement representations. Dotted gray lines are sulci. Myelin/CO-dark islands in S1 are shaded gray. Conventions are as in previous figures. See Table 1 for abbreviations.