Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of frailty and individual characteristics

Independent variable	Pre-frail vs. non-frail		Frail vs. non-frail
	Unadjusted ORs (95 % CI)	Adjusted ORs (95 % CI)	Unadjusted ORs (95 % CI)	Adjusted ORs (95 % CI)
Age (per 10 year increase)	1.42 (1.38–1.47)	1.30 (1.25–1.35)	1.63 (1.57–1.68)	1.47 (1.42–1.53)
Sex (female vs. male)	1.35 (1.21–1.52)	1.22 (1.08–1.38)	1.57 (1.40–1.74)	1.39 (1.23–1.56)
Rural status (rural vs. urban)	0.96 (0.82–1.12)	-	1.12 (0.98–1.29)	-
Caregiver inability (yes vs. no)	1.02 (0.86–1.23)	1.13 (0.93–1.37)	1.69 (1.46–1.96)	1.86 (1.55–2.22)
Caregiver unsatisfied (yes vs. no)	1.12 (0.82–1.54)	-	1.14 (0.85–1.53)	-
Caregiver distress (yes vs. no)	1.27 (1.09–1.48)	1.53 (1.29–1.83)	1.42 (1.23–1.63)	1.54 (1.30–1.83)
Living situation (ref. group = lives alone)
Lives with spouse and/or child(ren)	1.25 (1.04–1.50)	0.99 (0.82–1.19)	1.44 (1.22–1.70)	0.90 (0.75–1.09)
Lives with other family	0.32 (0.27–0.37)	0.43 (0.36–0.51)	0.28 (0.24–0.33)	0.35 (0.29–0.41)
Lives in group home	0.49 (0.42–0.58)	0.53 (0.44–0.63)	0.65 (0.56–0.76)	0.59 (0.49–0.70)
Residential care history (yes vs. no)	0.93 (0.76–1.15)	0.81 (0.64–1.02)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	0.60 (0.47–0.76)
Cognition level (CPS) (ref. group = intact)
Borderline intact (1)	0.79 (0.65–0.97)	0.94 (0.76–1.17)	0.90 (0.73–1.11)	1.08 (0.87–1.36)
Mild impairment (2)	1.12 (0.96–1.42)	1.18 (0.96–1.45)	1.54 (1.27–1.87)	1.41 (1.14–1.75)
Moderate + impairment (3+)	1.23 (1.04–1.45)	0.98 (0.81–1.18)	0.72 (0.61–0.85)	1.46 (1.20–1.77)
Institutional risk CAP (triggered vs. not)	4.00 (3.25–4.93)	4.32 (3.45–5.42)	8.91 (7.40–10.71)	9.19 (7.47–11.31)

Bolded values indicate significant at α = 0.05. Unadjusted ORs calculated from bivariate multinomial logistic regression models. Adjusted ORs calculated from one multivariate multinomial logistic regression model