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. 2015 Dec 18;14:153. doi: 10.1186/s12933-015-0316-y

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© Hodson et al. 2015

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — Ceramide inhibition prevents insulin-induced mitochondrial disruption. H9C2 cardiomyocytes were treated with insulin (INS; 50 nM) with or without myriocin (MYR; 10 μM), an inhibitor of ceramide biosynthesis, for the times indicated (n = 6). To measure mitochondrial respiration (a), cells were treated with: GM_L, Glutamate (10 mM) + Malate (2 mM); GM_D: + ADP (2.5 mM); GMS_D, + Succinate (10 mM); GMS_F, + FCCP (0.05 μM). Respiratory control ratio (RCR; b), Complex II Factor (c), and uncoupling control ratio (UCR; d) were determined by the analysis indicated. *P < 0.05 for condition vs. control (PBS)