. 2015 Dec 18;12:157. doi: 10.1186/s12966-015-0322-1

Table 3.

Summary profiles for signal detection subgroups, age less than 79 years*

Baseline variables	Signal detection subgroup
	(A) n = 198	(B) n = 106	(C) n = 413	(D) n = 108
	Resid. density high, White non-Hispanic	Resid. density high, non- White	Resid. density lower, non- Black	Resid. density lower, Black
	(45.5 % obese)	(59.4 % obese)	(62.0 % obese)	(72.2 % obese)
% Male	33.8^bd	17.0^ac	36.3^bd	14.8^ac
Age (yrs; mean)	74.1^d	73.9	74.3^d	73.3^ac
Education (mean)	4.2^bcd	3.8^a	3.9^a	3.9^a
Income (mean)	5.5^bc	4.6^acd	5.9^abd	5.2^bc
% Live alone	61.6^cd	59.4^cd	38.7^ab	33.3^ab
% African American/Black	0.0^bd	74.5^acd	0.0^bd	100.0^abc
% White	100.0^bcd	0.0^ac	90.1^abd	0.0^ac
% Hispanic	0.0^bc	15.1^acd	5.8^abd	0.0^bc
% Other race/ethnicity	0.0^bc	11.3^acd	4.1^abd	0.0^bc
% Married	29.8^bc	16.0^acd	51.3^abd	33.3^bc
% Separated/divorced	24.8^bc	38.7^acd	14.5^abd	25.0^bc
% Widowed	31.3	34.0	28.1	37.0
% Never married	12.63^cd	10.38^cd	4.60^ab	3.70^ab
Number in household (mean)	1.5^bcd	1.8^ad	1.9^a	2.1^ab
Self rated health (mean)	2.7^bd	3.1^ac	2.7^bd	3.1^ac
Residential density (mean)	2.9^bcd	2.7^acd	1.0^ab	1.0^ab
Access to services (mean)	2.8^cd	2.8^cd	2.2^abd	2.4^abc
Travel access (mean)	0.9	0.8	0.9	0.9
Street connectivity (mean)	3.0^c	3.1^c	2.7^abd	3.1^c
Walkability (mean)	3.1^cd	3.1^cd	2.1^abd	2.6^abc
Aesthetics (mean)	3.3	3.0	3.2	2.8
Pedestrian/Traffic safety (mean)	2.7^bcd	2.6^a	2.5^a	2.6^a
Safety from crime (mean)	3.1^bd	2.9^ac	3.2^bd	2.9^ac
Social cohesion (mean)	3.6^c	3.4^cd	3.8^ab	3.7^b
Social modeling^† (mean)	3.1^bcd	2.6^a	2.8^ad	2.5^ac
Intergenerational/socioeconomic neighborhood mix & affiliation (mean)	3.8	3.7	3.8	3.7
Body Mass Index [BMI] (mean)	30.3^cd	31.6	32.5^a	33.3^a
SPPB total score^§ (mean)	7.5	7.5	7.7	7.7
400 meter walk total time (seconds) (mean)	478.9	507.9	489.1	502.4
Accelerometer minutes with activity >100^# (mean)	190.9	211.9	202.5	206.5
CHAMPS baseline total activity min/week (mean)	443.0	509.0	470.7	428.5
CHAMPS baseline total walking min/week (mean)	162.3^cd	148.2^cd	111.8^ab	81.4^ab
CHAMPS baseline walking errands min/week (mean)	85.3^cd	71.2^cd	44.0^ab	27.5^ab

*P values for omnibus tests of significance (ANOVA for continuous outcomes, Chi-square for dichotomous outcomes) set at ≤ .01. Superscripts indicate significantly different groups for those variables in which the omnibus test reached statistical significance

^†Social modeling = observing others walking or cycling in one’s neighborhood

^§SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery

^# n = 1306, due to delayed start in accelerometry data collection and elimination of data with technical errors