Table 4.
Summary profiles for signal detection subgroups, age 79 years or greater*
| Baseline variables | Signal detection subgroup | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| (A) n = 103 | (B) n = 572 | (C) n = 99 | |
| Not Black, neighborhood friends do not differ in demo. | Not Black, neighborhood friends differ in demo. | Black | |
| (19.4 % obese) | (31.8 % obese) | (48.5 % obese) | |
| % Male | 35.0c | 38.5c | 18.2ab |
| Age (mean) | 83.4 | 83.1 | 82.3 |
| Education (mean) | 3.9 | 4.0 | 3.9 |
| Income (mean) | 5.5c | 5.6c | 4.9ab |
| % Live alone | 49.5 | 53.7 | 54.6 |
| % African American/Black | 0.0c | 0.0c | 100.0ab |
| % White | 92.2c | 95.1c | 0.0ab |
| % Hispanic | 4.9 | 2.5 | 0.0 |
| % Other race/ethnicity | 3.9 | 2.5 | 0.0 |
| % Married | 41.8 | 32.0 | 25.3 |
| % Separated/divorced | 9.7 | 9.1 | 17.2 |
| % Widowed | 42.7 | 52.1 | 53.5 |
| % Never married | 5.8 | 5.1 | 4.0 |
| Number in household (mean) | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 |
| Self rated health (mean) | 2.7c | 2.7c | 3.0ab |
| Residential density (mean) | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.8 |
| Access to services (mean) | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
| Travel access (mean) | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Street connectivity (mean) | 2.8 | 2.9 | 3.1 |
| Walkability (mean) | 2.3c | 2.5c | 3.0ab |
| Aesthetics (mean) | 3.2c | 3.3c | 2.9ab |
| Traffic safety (mean) | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 |
| Safety from crime (mean) | 3.3c | 3.2c | 3.0ab |
| Social cohesion (mean) | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.6 |
| Social modeling† (mean) | 2.7b | 3.0ac | 2.6b |
| Intergenerational/socioeconomic neighborhood mix & affiliation (mean) | 1.5bc | 4.2a | 3.8a |
| Body Mass Index [BMI] (mean) | 27.2bc | 28.4ac | 29.9ab |
| SPPB total score§ (mean) | 7.0 | 7.2 | 6.9 |
| 400 meter walk total time (seconds) (mean) | 529.0c | 518.7c | 563.4ab |
| Accelerometer minutes with activity >100# (mean) | 172.4 | 171.3 | 177.5 |
| CHAMPS baseline total activity min/week (mean) | 465.9 | 526.3 | 426.4 |
| CHAMPS baseline total walking min/week (mean) | 104.1b | 142.2ac | 93.0b |
| CHAMPS baseline walking errands min/week (mean) | 31.0 | 53.6 | 39.1 |
*P values for omnibus tests of significance (ANOVA for continuous outcomes, Chi-square for dichotomous outcomes) set at ≤ .01. Superscripts indicate significantly different groups for those variables in which the omnibus test reached statistical significance
†Social modeling = observing others walking or cycling in one’s neighborhood
§SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery
# n = 1306, due to delayed start in accelerometry data collection and elimination of data with technical errors