Table 3.
Predictors of outcomes at 1 year
| Outcome variable | Parameter | Estimate | P -value | CIs | R2 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Post-concussion symptoms (RPQ)a | Female sex | 8.86 | <0.0001 | 5.95 to 11.79 | |
| Living alone | 8.93 | <0.0001 | 5.04 to 12.82 | ||
| Multiple TBI | 5.76 | <0.0001 | 3.22 to 8.29 | ||
| White ethnic group | −3.77 | <0.01 | −6.46 to −1.09 | ||
| Medication use | 5.19 | <0.01 | 1.60 to 8.78 | ||
| Overall model | 0.22 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Health-related quality of life — physical component (SF-36)b | Age (1 year increase) | −0.20 | <0.0001 | −0.027 to −0.014 | |
| White ethnic group | 3.64 | <0.01 | 1.25 to 6.03 | ||
| ≥1 comorbidity | −4.12 | <0.01 | −6.95 to −1.28 | ||
| Living alone | −4.61 | <0.02 | −6.77 to −0.45 | ||
| Medication use | −3.61 | <0.03 | −6.78 to −0.45 | ||
| Overall model | 0.24 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Health-related quality of life — mental component (SF-36)b | Age (1 year increase) | 0.12 | <0.01 | 0.04 to 0.20 | |
| Female sex | −4.56 | <0.001 | −7.23 to −1.89 | ||
| White ethnic group | 3.12 | <0.03 | 0.35 to 5.88 | ||
| ≥1 comorbidity | −5.47 | <0.002 | −8.78 to −2.16 | ||
| Living alone | −9.79 | <0.01 | −13.93 to −5.60 | ||
| Medication use | 5.12 | <0.01 | 1.41 to 8.84 | ||
| Overall model | 0.20 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Cognitive functioning (CNS-VS Neurocognitive Index)b | White ethnic group | 10.44 | <0.001 | 4.99 to 15.90 | |
| Overall model | 0.05 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Anxiety (HADS)a | Age | −0.03 | <0.02 | 3.47 to 6.12 | |
| Female sex | 1.20 | 0.02 | 0.24 to 2.15 | ||
| ≥1 comorbidity | 1.49 | <0.02 | 0.31 to 2.68 | ||
| Living alone | 1.89 | <0.02 | 0.41 to 3.38 | ||
| Medication use | 1.51 | <0.03 | 0.18 to 2.83 | ||
| Overall model | 0.10 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Depression (HADS)a | ≥1 comorbidity | 1.27 | <0.02 | 0.30 to 2.24 | |
| Living alone | 1.54 | <0.02 | 0.34 to 2.75 | ||
| Medication use | 1.34 | <0.02 | 0.24 to 2.42 | ||
| Overall model | 0.08 | ||||
|
| |||||
| Poor functioning (GOS) | Age (1 year increase) | 0.04 | 0.0002 | 1.02 to 1.07 | |
| Female sex | 0.43 | 0.4150 | 1.03 to 5.49 | ||
| Multiple TBIs | 0.83 | 0.0016 | 1.88 to 14.83 | ||
| Living alone | 0.50 | 0.0403 | 1.05 to 7.16 | ||
| Overall model | 0.81 | ||||
| C statistic | |||||
a
Higher scores indicate poorer outcome.
b
Higher scores indicate better outcome. GOS = Glasgow Outcome Scale. HADS = Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. RPQ = Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. SF-36 = 36-item medical outcomes Short Form Survey.