Table 2. Hazard ratios for incident hypertension occurring between year 10 and year 25 according to the a priori diet quality score at year 7: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study 1 .
| Quartiles of year 7 a priori diet quality score | P value for linear trend 2 | Per 12 points increase 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 (lowest) | 2 | 3 | 4 (highest) | |||
| Diet quality score, median (range) | 54 (31–59) | 63 (60–67) | 72 (68–76) | 82 (77–102) | ||
| No. incident cases/N | 251/654 | 207/629 | 165/667 | 127/646 | ||
| Hazard ratio (95% CI): | ||||||
| Model 1 4 | Reference | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) | 0.75 (0.59, 0.96) | 0.01 | 0.89 (0.83, 0.96) |
| Model 2 5 | Reference | 0.87 (0.72, 1.05) | 0.77 (0.62, 0.95) | 0.73 (0.56, 0.94) | 0.007 | 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) |
| Model 3 6 | Reference | 0.89 (0.74, 1.08) | 0.80 (0.64, 0.99) | 0.81 (0.63, 1.04) | 0.05 | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) |
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval.
1 Shown are hazard ratios for incident hypertension occurring between years 10 and 25 by year 7 (1992–1993) diet quality score in 2596 participants without a history of hypertension at year 10.
2 P value for modeling median values for each quartile of the diet quality score as a continuous variable.
3 Hazard ratio per SD higher diet score.
4 Adjusted for age (years), sex, race, center, and education (years).
5 Further adjusted for cigarette smoking (dummy variables for current and former cigarette smoking), alcohol intake (ml/day), physical activity score (exercise units), use of a vitamin supplement (yes/no) (all at year 10), and energy intake (kcal/day) at year 7.
6 Further adjusted for BMI (kg/m2), waist circumference (cm), history of diabetes, and systolic blood pressure (mmHg) (all at year 10).