Table 1.
Molecular and Cellular1 Substrates of Schizophrenia, Organized by System
| Neurotransmission |
| Dopamine |
| D2 Receptor |
| D1 Receptor |
| Homovanillic acid |
| Tyrosine hydroxylase |
| 5HT2A receptor |
| Glutamate |
| NMDA Receptor |
| Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDAR 2A (GRIN2A) |
| Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA 1 (GRIA1) |
| Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (ARC) signaling complex |
| Glutamine |
| GABA |
| GAD67 |
| Parvalbumin (PV) |
| Kv3.1 |
| KCNS3 |
| Somatostatin |
| Cholecystokinin |
| Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) |
| Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 13 (KCTD13) |
| Contactin 4 (CNTN4) |
| P21 protein-activated kinase 6 (PAK6) |
| Neuroligin 4, X-linked (NLGN4X) |
| Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISCI) |
| P21 protein-activated kinase 7 (PAK7) |
| N-thylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) |
| Synapsin II (SYN2) |
| Dendritic Spines |
| White matter-associated connectivity |
| Proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) |
| Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) |
| Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) |
| oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (OLIG2) |
| Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) |
| Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB4 (ERBB4) |
| reticulon 4 (RTN4/NOGO) |
| Cyclic-nucleotide-3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP1) |
| Akyrin-3 (ANK3) |
| Zinc finger binding protein 804A (ZNF804A) |
| L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel CAV1.2 (CACNA1C) |
| MicroRNA-137 (MIR137) |
| Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) |
| Myelin |
| Node of Ranvier |
| Oligodendrocytes |
| Immune/inflammatory response and oxidative stress |
| IL-1β |
| IL-2 |
| IL-6 |
| TNF-α |
| soluble IL-2 receptor |
| IL-12 |
| IFN-γ |
| IL-8 |
| Translocator protein (TSPO) |
| Major histocompability complex (MHC) |
| Glutathione (GSH) |
| Microsomal glutathione S -transferase 1 (MGST1) |
| Superoxide dismutase (SOD) |
| Catalase |
| Inflammation |
| Oxidative stress |
| Microglia |
| T Cells |
| Macrophages |
| Endocrine system |
| Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH); proACTH |
| Corticosterone; Cortisol |
| Glucocorticoids; Glucocorticoid receptors |
| Estradiol |
| Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis |
| Metabolic cascades |
| Glucose |
| Insulin; proinsulin |
| Akt |
| Leptin |
| Ghrelin |
| Apolipoprotein1 |
| Melanocortin 4 receptor |
| 5HT2C receptor |
1
Cellular substrates appear in italics