Table 1.
Descriptive (mean, [s.d.]) and inferential statistics of demographics and clinical data for TBI (n=105) and HCv (n=23) groups.
| TBI | HCv | Statistics | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DEMOGRAPHICS | ||||
| Age (years) | 63.41 (2.99) | 62.70 (1.74) | Z=−.76; P=.448 | |
| Education (years) | 14.71 (2.17) | 15.13 (1.94) | Z=−.78; P=.437 | |
| Handedness (R:A:L) | 87:2:16 | 17:1:5 | X2 (2)=1.15 P=.562 | |
| FSQ (total score) | 95.68 (18.33) | 97.35 (20.65) | Z=−.39 P=.700 | |
| Pre-injury IQ (percentile) | 63.87 (23.66) | 73.00 (18.39) | Z=−1.57; P=.116 | |
| PERCEIVED CAREGIVER BURDEN | ||||
| ZBI (total score) | 15.51 (12.57) | 8.17 (5.18) | Z=−2.45; P=.014 | |
| EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONING MEASURES | ||||
| FAS (total scaled score) | 8.66 (3.72) | 11.09 (3.73) | Z=−2.98; P=.003 | |
| TMT control (scaled score) | 9.44 (3.63) | 11.83 (1.50) | Z=−3.10; P=.002 | |
| TMT switching (scaled score) | 9.10 (4.03) | 11.13 (2.67) | Z=−2.31; P=.021 | |
| NBRS (total pathology score) | 37.38 (13.55) | 35.17 (9.35) | Z=−.77;P=.440 | |
| FrSBe Apathy (Total score) | 63.02 (18.64) | 57.74 (18.30) | Z=−1.44;P=.151 | |
| FrSBe Disinhibition (Total score) | 58.79 (16.58) | 56.09 (15.63) | Z=−.53;P=.594 | |
| FrSBe EF (Total score) | 62.88 (17.74) | 59.57 (17.42) | Z=−.777;P=.437 | |
| CONTROL MEASURES | ||||
| Post-injury IQ (percentile) | 54.38 (25.79) | 72.65 (18.14) | Z=−3.16; P=.002 | |
| BDI-II (total raw score) | 7.55 (7.87) | 9.48 (7.91) | Z=−1.14; P=.256 | |
| M-PTSD (total score) | 78.44 (22.32) | 80.57 (22.62) | Z=−.48;P=.630 | |
| BNT (total score) | 53.02 (7.69) | 55.91 (3.87) | Z=−1.87; P=.062 | |
| WMS (delay Memory scaled score) | 100.25 (17.07) | 106.87 (17.04) | Z=−1.99; P=.077 | |
| VOSP (average percentage) | 84.45 (10.02) | 89.26 (4.19) | Z=−2.00; P=.045 | |
Bold statistics are significant. TBI-T, TBI target; TBI-C, TBI control; HCv, Healthy Control veterans; FSQ, Functional Status Questionnaire; IQ, Intelligence quotient; ZBI, Zarit Burden Interview; FAS, Verbal Fluency (letter F, A, S); TMT, Trail making test; NBRS, Neurobehavioral Rating Scale; FrSBe, Frontal System Behavioral Scale; EFs, Executive functions; BDI–II, Beck Depression Inventory; M-PTSD, Mississippi – Post-traumatic stress disorder scale; BNT, Boston Naming test; WMS, Wechsler Memory scale abbreviated; VOSP, Visual Object and Space Perception battery.