Table 3.
Final multiple regression model predicting food record compliance during the first 3 years of TEDDY participation (n 7015)
| Percentage of expected food records completed by the families† | Multiple regression model | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Factor* | Mean | sd | β | 95 % CI | P |
| Study centre | |||||
| Sweden | 90·2 | 17·4 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Colorado | 88·9 | 18·6 | +1·4 | −0·1, +2·9 | |
| Georgia/Florida | 89·1 | 18·2 | +0·9 | −0·9, +2·6 | |
| Washington | 81·8 | 22·3 | −4·9 | −6·5, −3·4 | |
| Finland | 88·6 | 20·4 | −0·9 | −2·1, −0·4 | |
| Germany | 71·0 | 28·7 | −12·9 | −15·3, −10·5 | <0·001 |
| Having first-degree relative(s) with type 1 diabetes | |||||
| No | 87·7 | 20·2 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 82·7 | 23·4 | −1·6 | −3·1, −0·1 | 0·03 |
| Ethnic minority‡ | |||||
| No | 88·0 | 19·9 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 82·2 | 23·6 | −2·6 | −4·0, −1·3 | <0·001 |
| Being the only child | |||||
| No | 85·9 | 21·4 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 88·7 | 19·3 | +2·4 | +1·4, +3·3 | <0·001 |
| Maternal age at child’s birth | |||||
| Years | +0·3 | +0·2, +0·4 | <0·001 | ||
| Maternal education | |||||
| High school or less | 83·4 | 23·7 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Some college or trade school | 83·5 | 22·7 | +1·7 | +0·3, +3·1 | |
| Graduated from college | 90·1 | 17·7 | +3·2 | +1·8, +4·5 | <0·001 |
| Household crowding§ | |||||
| Norm score | −1·0 | −1·4, −0·5 | <0·001 | ||
| Mother smoked at 9 months postpartum | |||||
| No | 87·9 | 19·9 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 79·9 | 25·0 | −3·2 | −4·7, −1·7 | <0·001 |
| Mother worked at 9 months postpartum | |||||
| No | 87·5 | 20·6 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 86·5 | 20·6 | −1·7 | −2·7, −0·7 | 0·001 |
| Postpartum depression at 6 months | |||||
| No | 87·7 | 20·1 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 81·2 | 24·3 | −3·7 | −5·2, −2·1 | <0·001 |
| Mother reports monitoring the child for diabetes onset | |||||
| No | 87·8 | 20·0 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 86·3 | 21·3 | −0·9 | −1·8, −0·0 | 0·05 |
| Long distance protocol | |||||
| No | 88·4 | 19·3 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 74·3 | 27·0 | −5·2 | −7·1, −3·3 | <0·001 |
| Number of clinic visits completed | |||||
| All seven | 91·2 | 16·2 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| One or more missed | 80·5 | 24·7 | −7·5 | −8·4, −6·6 | <0·001 |
| Father responded to 3 and 6 month questionnaires | |||||
| No | 78·6 | 26·7 | 0·0 | Ref. | |
| Yes | 88·2 | 19·3 | +6·7 | +5·2, +8·2 | <0·001 |
TEDDY, The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young; Ref., reference category.
Model R 2=0·165.
7015 participants completed at least one clinic visit during the first 3 years of TEDDY participation and had no missing data on the variables analysed in this table.
Mean (sd) percentage of expected food records completed by the 7015 participants included in the linear regression model.
A child is classified as ethnic minority if his or her mother’s first language is not English, or the mother was not born in the USA, or the child is a member of an ethnic minority group based on the US census definition (for US participants); or if the child’s mother’s first language or country of birth is other than that of the TEDDY country in which the child resides (for participants in Finland, Sweden and Germany).
Household crowding is evaluated as the number of persons in the household divided by the number of rooms in the house. Because the crowding variable was skewed, it was rescored to normalize the distribution (1=0–0·49; 2=0·50–0·59; 3=0·60–0·75; 4=0·76–1·00; 5=>1·00).