Table 2.

Properties and mechanism of action of amnion membrane.

Immune system	Epithelial tissue	Mesenchymal tissue	Biomechanical properties
Suppression of inflammation [30–39]	Stimulation of growth of epithelial cells [18–27]	TGF-b-suppression of myofibroblastic differentiation [28, 29]	Avascular [17], devoid of cells, no immune response [41–43]
Antibacterial factors and antiviral factors [49–51]	Epidermal growth factor and keratinocyte growth factor [24]	Reduction of scarring [28, 29]	Durable and puncture resistant [56]
Induction of apoptosis of inflammatory cells		Axonal regeneration [77]	Elastic and translucent [68]
		Neural growth factor	Serving as a physical barrier [56]