Table 1.

Top 5 canonical pathways (signaling): costimulation for 4 hrs (CL264 and RNA).

Pathway	p value
Activation of IRF by cytosolic pattern recognition receptors	<4.31E − 13
Dendritic cell maturation	<1.08E − 10
Interferon signaling	<5.94E − 10
Communication between innate and adaptive immune cells	<1.05E − 08
Death receptor signaling	<1.2E − 08

IRF: interferon regulatory factor.

CAL-1 cells were seeded into 24-well plates. After overnight resting, they were stimulated with CL264 (5 µg/mL) or 9.2s RNA (2 µg/mL) or the combination of both. After incubation for 4 hrs, cells were lysed and total RNA was extracted. Following cDNA synthesis, labeled cDNA was hybridized to microarrays. Treatment groups were normalized to untreated controls. Table lists the 5 most upregulated canonical pathways as identified by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA).