Table 2.
Evidences from literature regarding anti-Candida effect of phenolic acids.
| Molecule | Anti-Candida effect | Result found | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gallic acid | Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 18804), C. krusei (ATCC 6258), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), C. dubliniensis (NCPF 3108), and C. glabrata (ATCC 90030) | MIC (μg/ml) respectively: 10000, 10000, 10000, 10000, 8 | Teodoro et al., 2015 |
| Planktonic cells and biofilm of C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. glabrata (ATCC 2001), C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), and C. tropicalis (ATCC 750) | MIC (μg/ml) planktonic: <156 μg/ml MIC (μg/ml) biofilm respectively: 5000, 1250, 625, 625 | Alves et al., 2014 | |
| Planktonic cells (plate diffusion) | MIC (mg cm-3): 2.5 | Manayi et al., 2013 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) and C. tropicalis (ATCC 750) | MIC and MFC (μg/ml) respectively: 200, 200, 200, 100 | Gehrke et al., 2013 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 90028) and 5 clinical strains, C. krusei (ATCC 6258), and C. parapsilosis (ATCC 20019) | MIC (μg/ml) respectively: 4000,4000,8000,4000, 16000, 16000, 8000, 4000 | Rangkadilok et al., 2012 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) and C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) | MIC (μg/ml) respectively: 8, 16 | Ozcelik et al., 2011 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 90028), C. krusei (ATCC 6258), and C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) | MIC (μg/ml): 100 | Liu et al., 2009 | |
| Biofilm of C. albicans (not cited strain) | MIC (μg/ml): 1000 | Wang et al., 2009 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (MTCC 183) | MIC (μg/ml): 1.78 | Govindarajan et al., 2006 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (not cited strain) | Halo: 12 mm (100 μg on a sterile filter paper disk with 6 mm diameter) | Fogliani et al., 2005 | |
| Caffeic acid | Planktonic cells of C. albicans and inhibition of isocitrate lyase activity assay | MIC (μg/ml): 1000; inhibition of 91,5% of the isocitrate lyase enzyme activity | Cheah et al., 2014 |
| Planktonic cells and biofilm of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) | MIC (μg/ml): planktonic: 128; pre-formed, 4 and 24 h biofilm: 256 | De Vita et al., 2014 | |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 10231) and C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019) | MIC (μg/ml) respectively: 8, 16 | Ozcelik et al., 2011 | |
| Protocatechuic acid | Planktonic cells of C. albicans (LMP709U) | MIC and MFC (μg/ml) respectively: 156, 312 | Kuete et al., 2009 |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (10231) and C. tropicalis (ATCC 7349) | MIC (μg/ml) respectively: 500, 400 | Pretto et al., 2004 | |
| Phenylacetic acid | Planktonic cells (plate diffusion) of C. albicans (clinical strains) | Halo: 8–10.5 mm (20 μl of a 2000 ng/ml phenylacetic acid water solution on sterile filter paper disk with 6 mm diameter) | Mendonca Ade et al., 2009 |
| Cinnamic acid | Immunoregulatory effect on monocytes activation against C. albicans (SC 5314) | Significant reduce of C. albicans counts in 50 and 100 μg/ml | Conti et al., 2013 |
| Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 90028, ATCC 10231, PYCC 3436T) C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019, PYCC 2545), C. glabrata (PYCC 2418T) C. tropicalis (PYCC 3097T), C. krusei (PYCC 3341), C. lusitaniae PYCC 2705T and synergism with antifungals | IC 50 (mmol l-1): 0.09 to 0.74; none synergism found | Faria et al., 2011 | |
| Benzoic acid | Planktonic cells of C. albicans (ATCC 90028, ATCC 10231, PYCC 3436T) C. parapsilosis (ATCC 22019, PYCC 2545), C. glabrata (PYCC 2418T) C. tropicalis (PYCC 3097T), C. krusei (PYCC 3341), C. lusitaniae PYCC 2705T and synergism with antifungals | IC 50 (mmol l-1): 0.05–0.73 Synergism found to C. albicans with amphotericin and itraconazole | Faria et al., 2011 |