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. 2015 Dec 21;6:1426. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01426

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Copyright © 2015 Kwiatek, Mrozek, Bacal, Piekarowicz and Adamczyk-Popławska.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Neisseria gonorrhoeae adhesion and invasion of human Hec-1-B cells. Human epithelial cells were infected for 4 h with the gonococcal ngoAXmod::km mutant, wt strain or igatrpb:: ngoAXmod mutant. (A) The adhesion index was calculated as a ratio between the numbers of bacteria that adhered to human cells to the total number of cells used for infection. (B) The invasion index was calculated by dividing the number of gentamicin resistant CFU by the adhesion index. The asterisk represents the statistical difference in comparison to the wt strain (P < 0.05).