Figure 1. Integrating a biomaterial platform with statistical approaches.

(a) Schematic representation showing production of ECM composites including several different ECM proteins at varied concentrations with single iPS cells via NCL of PEG precursors (thioester or Cys). We use three different ECM proteins representing fibrillar collagen type I, basement membrane laminin-111, and cell-ECM linking fibronectin, but a larger variety is technically feasible. (b) Statistical optimization of multiple ECM proteins can maximize the expression of cTnT by RSM, yielding a set of potentially optimal solutions. (c) The optimal formulation is validated by measuring the improvement of cTnT expression and the functionality of cardiomyocytes by imaging contractile kinetics and Ca²⁺ transients.