Figure 3. Loss rates of PSL (pod shatter loss pre-harvesting), CHL1 (shatter seed loss caused by combine header), CHL2 (branches loss caused by combine header), CTL1 (loss of unthreshed pods) and CTL2 (loss of shattered seeds mixed up with the straw) for direct-seedling winter rapeseed under different densities and row spacing arrangements during 2012–2014.

D15, D30 and D45 mean densities of 15, 30 and 45 × 10⁴ plants ha⁻¹; R15, R25 and R35 mean inter-row spacing of 15, 25 and 35 cm. Different letters denote significant difference at P < 0.05 by LSD.